Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions

• Cornelia Loos,
• Tatiana Syrovets,
• Anna Musyanovych,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Katharina Landfester,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus and
• Thomas Simmet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250

• -NH2 led to characteristic DNA fragmentation, which is a definite sign of apoptosis. In contrast, xenografts grown on the CAM, which were treated with PS-COOH or saline, did not show DNA fragmentation [41]. THP-1 leukemia cells were more sensitive to PS-NH2 compared to human macrophages, which did not

Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects

• Li Shang,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Xiue Jiang,
• Linxiao Yang,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Thomas Simmet and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2388–2397, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.248

• surface functionalizations and investigated their interactions with various human cell lines, in particular HeLa cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Of note, these studies were carried out in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, or serum-free DMEM, so that we could probe interactions between

• to a microwave-assisted protocol as previously reported [29]. The as-obtained AuNCs were purified by centrifugation filtration using Nanosep filters (Pall Nanosep, Ann Arbor, MI), and re-suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, containing monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride and dibasic

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• in vivo. The median survival times of the saline, PTX, DDMC/PTX4 (particle size 50 nm), and DDMC/PTX5 (particle size 290 nm) groups were 120 h (treatment (T)/control (C), 1.0), 176 h (T/C, 1.46), 328 h (T/C, 2.73), and 280 h (T/C, 2.33), respectively. The supramolecular DDMC/PTX complex showed twice

• activity of the DDMC/PTX supramolecular complex on melanoma cells in vivo In vivo analysis of the anticancer activity and survival rates of the DDMC/PTX complex in B16F10 melanoma cells was carried by using 6-week-old C57BL/6 female mice with: PTX, DDMC/PTX4, DDMC/PTX5, and saline, following the

• average, 1885 mm3 of very severe tumor volume was observed. At 12 days after inoculation, PTX, DDMC/PTX4 (particle size 50 nm), DDMC/PTX5 (particle size 290 nm), and saline were administrated by intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection 3 times at a dose of 10 mg PTX/kg on days 12, 14, and 16. MST 50% survival

Sequence-dependent electrical response of ssDNA-decorated carbon nanotube, field-effect transistors to dopamine

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2113–2121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.220

• . Repeating base ssDNA sequences (AT)22 and (GC)22 were not used in this study because these sequences have high self-complementarity resulting in the formation of undesirable aggregates. All solutions were prepared using phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4, BST Scientific, Ltd.) unless otherwise stated. For

Effect of channel length on the electrical response of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors to deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An,
• Yani Zhang,
• Chee How Wong and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2081–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.217

• -3′), 100 μM single-stranded complementary DNA (cDNA, 5′-TGGAGTGTGACAATGGTGTTTG-3′), single-stranded non-complementary DNA (ncDNA, 5′-TGGTGTGTGACAGTGGTGTATG-3′), ethanolamine (EA, pH 9.0) and 0.1% Tween 20 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Singapore. Phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• Technologies) while using 75 cm2 flasks (Falcon, Becton Dickinson GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). Cells were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. hMSCs were sub-cultivated every 7–14 d depending on cell proliferation. Adherent cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS, Life

Effects of surface functionalization on the adsorption of human serum albumin onto nanoparticles – a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study

• Pauline Maffre,
• Stefan Brandholt,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Li Shang,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2036–2047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.212

• phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, and mixed these solutions, one after the other, with the NP solution (0.1–2 nM) to measure the hydrodynamic radius of the NPs as a function of protein concentration. With increasing HSA concentration, RH increased in a single step, indicating that the HSA molecules

Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy

• Torsten Bölke,
• Lisa Krapf,
• Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder,
• Tobias Vossmeyer,
• Jelena Dimitrijevic,
• Horst Weller,
• Anna Schüth,
• Antje Klinger,
• Gereon Hüttmann and
• Andreas Gebert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2016–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.210

• slip to dampen movement artefacts (Figure 9). The gut segment was constantly moisturized with pre-warmed saline, and the body core temperature was maintained at 37 °C by using a homeothermic table. The mucosa was steadily perfused, as seen by an erythrocyte movement phenomenon, and the tissue remained

Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles

• Anne-Kathrin Barthel,
• Martin Dass,
• Melanie Dröge,
• Jens-Michael Cramer,
• Daniela Baumann,
• Markus Urban,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.201

• cells per well in 6-well plates (Greiner, Germany). On the following day, the PLLA particles (labeled with 0.428 mg·g−1 polymer PMI) were added at a concentration of 300 μg·mL−1 to the medium. After an incubation time of 24 h, the supernatant was removed, washed with PBS (phosphate buffered saline) and

In vitro and in vivo interactions of selected nanoparticles with rodent serum proteins and their consequences in biokinetics

• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Stefanie Fertsch-Gapp,
• Martin Schäffler,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Christian Pfeiffer,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Manuela Semmler-Behnke,
• Matthias Epple and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1699–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.180

• proteins to NP and formation of protein–NP complexes Binding of selected proteins First, we studied the parameters that determine the in vitro binding kinetics of selected NP during a one-hour incubation in simple phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions in which a given protein was dissolved at 0.4 mg/mL

• saline. Cylinders (8 mm diameter) of lung tissue were punched out and cut into 200 µm thick slices (precision-cut lung slices, PCLS). Four PCLS were incubated in full medium in each well of 24-well tissue culture plates. The plates were put into a 37 °C tissue culture incubator, and the melting agarose

Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages

• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Benjamin Michen,
• Fabian Blank,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174

• used to test inhibition of caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Ctx-b was dissolved in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) containing 1% NaN3 and diluted to a final concentration of 0.6 μg/mL 1× PBS (pH 7.4) in RPMI prior to use. To test macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, 1 µm carboxylate modified

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• Analytics (Z-PS-SIL-GFP-0.07, Landsberg am Lech, Germany). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI-1640), Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline without Ca2+ and Mg2+ (DPBS-/-), penicillin, streptomycin, and trypsin were from

• for 15 s and then stored at −20 °C. Equal amounts of the lysates were loaded onto 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels and after electrophoresis, the proteins were transferred onto Immobilon-P PVDF membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% (w/v) non-fat dry milk in 1% Tween20 in Tris-buffered saline (TBS

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• stability of ligand-free nanoparticles in saline biological media In order to apply totally ligand-free nanoparticle reference materials in toxicity assays in biological media their stability and aggregation tendencies in these environments need to be understood. This is of paramount importance as it was

Hydrophobic interaction governs unspecific adhesion of staphylococci: a single cell force spectroscopy study

• Nicolas Thewes,
• Peter Loskill,
• Philipp Jung,
• Henrik Peisker,
• Markus Bischoff,
• Mathias Herrmann and
• Karin Jacobs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1501–1512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.163

• medium for 24 h at 37 °C. Before the experiments, 100 μL were transferred into 4 mL fresh TSB medium and cultured for 2.5 h at 37 °C and 150 rpm. To remove extracellular material, the bacteria were washed four times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.3, ionic strength 0.1728 mol/L at 20 °C), each

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• ; Sigma-Aldrich) served as positive control to induce the release of TNF-α and IL-8, respectively. Laser scanning microscopy As described in [44], the triple cell co-cultures were fixed on the cell culture insert with 3% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 15 min at room temperature

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• applied direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) voltages. The nanobubbles in DI water and three kinds of saline solution on a PS surface were imaged when a voltage was applied. The influence of the surface charge density on the nanobubbles was analyzed. Then the slip length and the electrostatic

• interface and boundary slip length is discussed based on the changes of nanobubbles and slip length with applied voltage. This review is divided into four sections. In section 1, the influence of an applied voltage on the CA and CAH of deionized (DI) water and saline on PS surface will be discussed. In

• slides on a solid surface, the CAH of the droplet will affect the drag. Generally speaking, it is easier to move the droplet with smaller CAH. Li and Mugele found the CAH of saline on Teflon (AF1600) could be decreased by applying an alternating current (AC) voltage [75]. Bhushan and Pan found the CAH of

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to remove residual ND-DGEA that had not been attached or internalized. DGEA peptide was synthesized with a fluorescent label (fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC) to allow for visualization. FITC has an excitation and emission wavelengths of approximately 495 nm and

Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions

• Seonki Hong,
• Hyukjin Lee and
• Haeshin Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 887–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.101

• 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHCA) and linear or 6Arm-PEG-NH2. To investigate the effect of secondary amines on the results of quinone tanning, both linear PEG derivatives, mPEG-NH-catechol and mPEG-catechol, underwent the same crosslinking reactions in phosphate buffered saline (pH 8.0 with 0.3

• −1 in 10 mM phosphate buffered saline, pH 8.5), and the resulting molecular weight of the crosslinked PEGs was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Two GPC columns (OHpak SB-806M HQ and SB-804 HQ, Shodex®, Munich, Germany) were connected in series and equilibrated with phosphate

• buffered saline (10 mM, pH 4.0). The detector for the PEG standard was a reflective index detector (Shodex, RI-71), and a UV–vis spectrometer (Hewlett Packard HP 8453 spectrophotometer, 190 nm to 1100 nm, integration time 0.5 sec, interval 1 nm, Deuterium lamp for UV and tungsten lamp for vis) was used for

Antimicrobial nanospheres thin coatings prepared by advanced pulsed laser technique

• Alina Maria Holban,
• Valentina Grumezescu,
• Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu,
• Bogdan Ştefan Vasile,
• Roxana Truşcă,
• Rodica Cristescu,
• Gabriel Socol and
• Florin Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 872–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.99

• washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and visualized by fluorescent microscopy. The nuclei were counterstained with a 1 mg/mL solution of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Living cells were traced in the presence of nanospheres for 5 d in culture. The micrographs were taken by a digital camera

Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• nanoparticle-mediated sporicidal activity. Effective spore decontamination by nanoparticles occurred in growth media but not in saline media. A “germinate and kill mechanism” is proposed to be operational in LB media. Experimental Synthesis of CuO nanorods and multi-armed NPs CuO nanorods (PS2) were

• /mL and 4 × 105 CFU/mL) with a set dose of CuO nanoparticle suspension. Then the volume is increased to 5 mL by using physiological saline (0.85% aqueous solution), an isotonic media for bacteria. Similar 5 mL of bacterial suspension was prepared without the addition of the nanoparticles as negative

• control to assess the viability of bacteria in saline during test period. In germinate and kill tests LB broth was prepared by adding 1 g tryptone plus 0.5 g yeast plus 265 mg NaCl to distilled water to prepare 10 mL LB broth in saline. All incubation experiments were performed in an incubator shaker at

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• in water, which generates colloidal particles of maximal purity [43][44][45]. Without compromising this purity, monomodal and monodisperse gold colloids can easily be fabricated in micromolar saline water with defined AuNP sizes [46]. Alternatively, this method also provides particles displaying a

The surface microstructure of cusps and leaflets in rabbit and mouse heart valves

• Xia Ye,
• Bharat Bhushan,
• Ming Zhou and
• Weining Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 622–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.73

• using scissors and the hearts were removed. After irrigating with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), the hearts were fixed in a solution of 2.5% glutaraldehyde (Res Group Co., Ltd. chemical reagents) for 2 h. Then the atria and ventricles were cut open, and all of the heart valves (including aortic

The softening of human bladder cancer cells happens at an early stage of the malignancy process

• Jorge R. Ramos,
• Joanna Pabijan,
• Ricardo Garcia and
• Malgorzata Lekka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 447–457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.52

• between Young’s modulus of different cell lines. Fluorescence microscopy: The cells grown on a coverslip were washed with a RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10 mM HEPES. Next the cells were fixed by adding a 3.7% paraformaldehyde solution in PBS (phosphate buffered saline, Sigma) for 10 min and then

Near-infrared dye loaded polymeric nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy and cellular response after laser-induced heating

• Tingjun Lei,
• Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez,
• Romila Manchanda,
• Yen-Chih Huang and
• Anthony J. McGoron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 313–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.35

• -Aldrich (St. Louis, MI): Malic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid (DDA), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO > 99.9%, reagent grade), pluronic F-127, Dulbecco phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), IR820, penicillin-streptomycin solution, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and trypsin-EDTA. Glycerol was

Extracellular biosynthesis of gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles, their biodistribution and bioconjugation with the chemically modified anticancer drug taxol

• Shadab Ali Khan,
• Sanjay Gambhir and
• Absar Ahmad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 249–257, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.27

• 0.9% saline as the mobile phase. To the ITLC-SG strip, 2–3 μL of the radiolabeled complex was applied at a point 1 cm from the end and allowed to run for approximately 10 cm. ITLC as the stationary phase and pyridine/acetic acid/water (3:5:1.5 v/v) as the mobile phase were used in determining the