Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.2020,11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94
clathrin and/or caveolae pits, RhoA, CDC42, ARF6, or flotillin-mediated endocytosis/phagocytosis and receptor-independent macro- and micropinocytosis (for reviews on the endocytosis of nanoparticles see [105][106]). Macropinocytosis is not selective and can take up spheres with a diameter of up to 1 mm [81
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Figure 1:
Common sources and types of nanoparticles that we come in contact with daily.
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.2015,6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16
line. Cells were transfected with specific siRNAs against Caveolin-1, Dynamin 2, Flotillin-1, Clathrin, PIP5Kα and CDC42. Knockdown of Caveolin-1 reduces endocytosis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (SCIONs) between 23 and 41%, depending
on the surface characteristics of the nanoparticles and the experimental design. Knockdown of CDC42 showed a 46% decrease of the internalization of PEGylated SPIONs within 24 h incubation time. Knockdown of Dynamin 2, Flotillin-1, Clathrin and PIP5Kα caused no or only minor effects. Hence endocytosis
in HeLa cells of iron oxide nanoparticles, used in this study, is mainly mediated by Caveolin-1 and CDC42. It is shown here for the first time, which proteins of the endocytotic pathway mediate the endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells in vitro. In future studies more
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Figure 1:
Overview of well-known endocytotic pathways and the involved key proteins, target proteins inhibite...