Applications of three-dimensional carbon nanotube networks

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Francesco De Nicola,
• Ilaria Cacciotti,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Emanuela Gatto,
• Mariano Venanzi and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 792–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.82

• -sensitized solar cell (DSC) [26]. The CNT-sponge was directly transferred onto a conductive substrate to make a counter electrode (CE), exploiting its good electrical and mechanical properties. A photoelectric conversion efficiency of about 6.2% was achieved for the DSC with a CNT-sponge CE, compared to 7.6

Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence

• Matthias Augustin,
• Daniela Fenske,
• Ingo Bardenhagen,
• Anne Westphal,
• Martin Knipper,
• Thorsten Plaggenborg,
• Joanna Kolny-Olesiak and
• Jürgen Parisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 47–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.6

• the temperature region from 250 to 500 °C is shown in Figure 6b. Here, a mass increase of 0.54% is observed between 250 and 330 °C accompanied by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) signal of an exothermal phase transformation at 270 °C indicating a partial oxidation of Mn3O4 to Mn5O8. This is

• suggested that the decomposition of the organic species is not complete at a temperature of 330 °C. However, the subsequent mass loss of 1.60% from 330 to 480 °C, a DSC signal of an exothermal phase transformation at 480 °C, and the XRD measurements presented in this report (see Figure 3 and Figure 4

• for 350 min. The powder sample was placed on a corundum sample holder. During the measurement the thermal expansion was corrected automatically. The measurements were performed in an O2 flow. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out with a Netzsch

Intake of silica nanoparticles by giant lipid vesicles: influence of particle size and thermodynamic membrane state

• Florian G. Strobl,
• Florian Seitz,
• Christoph Westerhausen,
• Armin Reller,
• Adriano A. Torrano,
• Christoph Bräuchle,
• Achim Wixforth and
• Matthias F. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2468–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.256

• 30–35 °C as confirmed by DSC measurements). Here, all particles, including those with r = 123 nm are taken up as described above. However, more particles stay attached to the membrane after adhesion. This effect is particularly pronounced for the large 123 nm particles (Figure 7). In this case, only

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• . Thermal analysis of the supramolecular DDMC/PTX complex The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of the DDMC/PTX supramolecular complex and PTX are shown in Figure 2. Sample 4 exhibits three characteristic endothermic and one additional exothermic peak. A description of the peaks is given

• 0.1 mL of 10× reaction buffer (400 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM MgSO4, 10 mM CaCl2, pH 8) and the samples were incubated at 37 °C. The wavelength used for this experiment was 633 nm for toluidine blue isolated from DNA. (b): Reprinted from [18]. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with DDMC–paclitaxel

On the structure of grain/interphase boundaries and interfaces

• K. Anantha Padmanabhan and
• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1603–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.172

• describe “high-angle boundaries” in general [40] is perhaps not correct. However, there are boundaries beyond the low-angle range, which can be described as “sigma boundaries” [39] or “vicinal” boundaries [41], for which also the CSL concept, including the formation of a displace–shift–coincide (DSC

Characterization and photocatalytic study of tantalum oxide nanoparticles prepared by the hydrolysis of tantalum oxo-ethoxide Ta₈(μ₃-O)₂(μ-O)₈(μ-OEt)₆(OEt)₁₄

• Subia Ambreen,
• N D Pandey,
• Peter Mayer and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.121

• characterized by various techniques such as TGA-DTA-DSC, UV–vis DRS, XRD, SEM, TEM, particle size analyzer (DLS) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The band gap of the particles was calculated by using the Tauc plot. The photocatalytic activity of Ta2O5 nanoparticles was tested by the degradation of

• chloroform. A TEM image of the so obtained particles is shown in Figure 5. Thermal analysis of the prepared Ta2O5 nanoparticles Thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DTA/DSC) with a heating rate of 10 °C/min in a static air atmosphere were used to study the

• thermal stability of the as-prepared (dried) photocatalyst with α-Al2O3 as the reference. Figure 6 shows the TG/DTA/DSC curves obtained from the dried gel of Ta2O5. The TGA graph shows a weight loss up to a temperature of 200 °C that is essentially attributed to dehydration. The decomposition of organic

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li₂Co_1−xM_xPO₄F (M = Fe, Mn) cathode materials

• Nellie R. Khasanova,
• Oleg A. Drozhzhin,
• Stanislav S. Fedotov,
• Darya A. Storozhilova,
• Rodion V. Panin and
• Evgeny V. Antipov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 860–867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.97

• carried out in a Fritsch planetary micro-mill Pulverisette 7 while using a WC bowl, ZrO2 balls and acetone media. Thermal analysis was performed in the temperature range of 20–750 °C (10 °C/min heating rate) by using a thermo-gravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) apparatus STA-449

Optimization of solution-processed oligothiophene:fullerene based organic solar cells by using solvent additives

• Gisela L. Schulz,
• Marta Urdanpilleta,
• Roland Fitzner,
• Eduard Brier,
• Elena Mena-Osteritz,
• Egon Reinold and
• Peter Bäuerle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 680–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.77

• couple (−5.1 eV). Melting points were determined using a Mettler Toledo DSC 823e and were not corrected. Elemental analyses were performed on an Elementar Vario EL. Plastic-sheets precoated with silica gel, Merck Si60 F254, were used for thin layer chromatography. Glass columns packed with Merck Silica

• performance liquid chromatography (see Supporting Information File 1). Mp 204 °C (onset DSC). 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MALDI-TOF, and elemental analysis were all consistent with the previously reported values [20]. Device fabrication: Photovoltaic devices were made following a previously reported procedure [33], with

• chromatography (HPLC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively (see Supporting Information File 1). The optical properties of DCV5T-Bu4 were investigated by using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and are displayed in Figure 1a and summarized in Table 1. In dilute chloroform solutions, absorption

Kelvin probe force microscopy of nanocrystalline TiO₂ photoelectrodes

• Alex Henning,
• Gino Günzburger,
• Res Jöhr,
• Yossi Rosenwaks,
• Biljana Bozic-Weber,
• Catherine E. Housecroft,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 418–428, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.49

• . Although the nanocrystalline TiO2 photoelectrode of a DSC consists of sintered nanoparticles, there are few studies on the nanoscale properties. We focus on the microscopic work function and surface photovoltage (SPV) determination of TiO2 photoelectrodes using Kelvin probe force microscopy in combination

• N719 photoelectrode. The surface potential increase due to the surface dipole correlates with a higher DSC performance. Concluding from this, microscopic surface potential variations, attributed to the complex nanostructure of the photoelectrode, influence the DSC performance. For both bare and

• built-in potential on the DSC performance at the TiO2/SnO2:F interface, investigated on a nanometer scale by KPFM measurements under visible light illumination, has not been resolved so far. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC); Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM

Mechanical and thermal properties of bacterial-cellulose-fibre-reinforced Mater-Bi^® bionanocomposite

• Hamonangan Nainggolan,
• Saharman Gea,
• Emiliano Bilotti,
• Ton Peijs and
• Sabar D. Hutagalung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 325–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.37

• field emission scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphology at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. The crystallinity (Tc) and melting temperature (Tm) were measured by DSC. Results showed a significant improvement in mechanical and thermal properties in accordance with the addition of

• toughness through energy absorption processes such as fibre pull-out. This increased in toughness is confirmed by the higher elongation at break of Mater-Bi/FBC in accordance with the increased of the volume fraction of FBC. The DSC thermograms of thermal behaviour including crystallinity and melting point

• properties of Mater-Bi are improved by adding FBC. The stiffness of the composite increased significantly with the volume fraction of FBC. The enhancement of the properties of Mater-Bi/FBC bionanocomposites is caused by the improvement of the fibre–matrix interface as shown in the SEM images. DSC thermogram

Electrospinning preparation and electrical and biological properties of ferrocene/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) composite nanofibers

• Ji-Hong Chai and
• Qing-Sheng Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 189–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.19

• were determined with an X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (k = 0.15405 nm, 40 kV, 100 mA) over the 2-theta angle range of 10–70 °C with a scanning rate of 10 °C/min. The TGA data was obtained by a DSC-STA 449C Jupiter thermal analysis instrument. About 4 mg sample in an aluminium pan was heated

Dimer/tetramer motifs determine amphiphilic hydrazine fibril structures on graphite

• Loji K. Thomas,
• Nadine Diek,
• Uwe Beginn and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 658–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.75

• the chemical syntheses. 1H NMR (500 MHz) and 13C NMR (125 MHz) were measured on a Bruker Avance DPX-250 spectrometer, tetramethylsilane (TMS) was applied as an internal standard in deuterated chloroform at 20 °C. Melting points were measured on a Netzsch DSC 204 Phoenix differential scanning

• calorimeter (DSC). About 10 mg of sample was used. In all cases, the heating and cooling rates were 10 °C/min. Indium and cyclohexane were used as calibration standards. IR spectra were measured on a Bruker Vertex 70 FT infrared spectrometer, equipped with a MVP Star ATR reflection device. [4-(Decyloxy

Reduced electron recombination of dye-sensitized solar cells based on TiO₂ spheres consisting of ultrathin nanosheets with [001] facet exposed

• Hongxia Wang,
• Meinan Liu,
• Cheng Yan and
• John Bell

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 378–387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.44

• band of the TiO2 spheres and on the kinetics of electron transport and back reactions was also investigated. It was found that the TiCl4 post-treatment caused a downward shift of the TiO2 conduction band edge by 30 meV. Meanwhile, a fourfold increase of the effective electron lifetime of the DSC was

• also observed after TiCl4 treatment. The synergistic effect of the variation of the TiO2 conduction band and the electron recombination determined the open-circuit voltage of the DSC. Keywords: dye-sensitized solar cells; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; electron recombination; TiO2 [001] facet

• ; ultrathin nanosheets; Introduction In the past two decades, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have received substantial attention from both academic and industrial communities as one of the most promising low-cost, high-efficiency third-generation photovoltaic devices [1][2]. A typical DSC consists of a

Schottky junction/ohmic contact behavior of a nanoporous TiO₂ thin film photoanode in contact with redox electrolyte solutions

• Masao Kaneko,
• Hirohito Ueno and
• Junichi Nemoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 127–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.15

• Equation 2, the flat band potential Efb, carrier density N, and the thickness of space charge layer dsc were calculated and are shown in Table 1. For the calculation, since the relative permittivity ε of TiO2 is anisotropic (85.8 and 170), we used both the values in the calculation, and thereafter took

• their average values considering the macroscopically amorphous nature of the mesoporous TiO2 film. Since the space charge layer thickness (dsc) is dependent on the applied potential, we calculated the value at the applied potential of −0.1 V vs Ag/AgCl at which the CV under irradiation approaches a

• thickness dsc of the Schottky junction, and carrier density N in a mesoporous TiO2 thin film coated on FTO obtained by the Mott–Schottky plots shown in Figure 4. dsc and N are average values when ε of TiO2 = 85.8 and 170.