Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• , Waltham, MA) using a KBr disc. For carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur (CHNS) analysis, a CHNS-932 from LECO Instrument (St Joseph, MI) was used. Raman spectra were collected using a UHTS 300 Raman spectrometer (WITec, Germany) with an excitation wavelength at 532 nm. CNT samples were deposited on glass

Size-dependent density of zirconia nanoparticles

• Agnieszka Opalinska,
• Iwona Malka,
• Wojciech Dzwolak,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Adam Presz and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 27–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.4

• from 25 to 1100 °C for 30 min. Two selected powders, one dried at 25 °C and one annealed at 800 °C, were rinsed for 60 min in H2O in order to remove –OD groups, as explained below. To assess the type and amount of surface layers in the nanoparticles, KBr-based pellets containing 1 wt % ZrO2 were

Dissipation signals due to lateral tip oscillations in FM-AFM

• Michael Klocke and
• Dietrich E. Wolf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2048–2057, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.213

• [38] with parameters from [39] and van der Waals parameters from [40] for the ionic bonding of KBr. The tip is a cube of 3 × 3 × 3 unit cells (216 atoms) of a NaCl-lattice, while there are 7 × 7 × 3 unit cells (1176 atoms) for the substrate. Compared to the crystallographic orientation of the

• possible, we performed a Monte-Carlo parameter study again, but now with the potential for KBr. We place the tip such that we expect a maximum in the dissipation signal. We vary the parameter set according to Table 1. Figure 8 shows that the dissipation rate increases dramatically by a factor of 108, when

• normal cycles with the default parameter set. Topography and dissipation for KBr. Scan line along [010]. We observe a doubling in the dissipation signal. Topography and dissipation for Monte-Carlo parameter-space study. Parameter set for simulations with KBr potential, and ranges for MC parameter

Growth evolution and phase transition from chalcocite to digenite in nanocrystalline copper sulfide: Morphological, optical and electrical properties

• Priscilla Vasthi Quintana-Ramirez,
• Ma. Concepción Arenas-Arrocena,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Marina Vega-González,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• Víctor Manuel Castaño-Meneses,
• Laura Susana Acosta-Torres and
• Javier de la Fuente-Hernández

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1542–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.166

• spectroscopy (EDS) was carried out in a JSM-6060LV SEM at 20 keV by using KBr pellets containing granules of CuxS powder to make the punctual analysis. X-ray patterns of copper sulfide synthesized in organic solution at a) 230 and 220 °C, the chalcocite phase is obtained and at b) 240 and 260 °C, the

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

• precursor exposure lengths, although some ammonium chloride salt formation was observed. The highest GPC values for nylon 66 were 13.1 Å per cycle when deposited at 60 °C on pretreated Si(100) [8] and up to 19 Å per cycle on KBr substrates at the deposition temperature of 83 °C [50]. The latter value is

Thermal stability and reduction of iron oxide nanowires at moderate temperatures

• Annalisa Paolone,
• Marco Angelucci,
• Stefania Panero,
• Maria Grazia Betti and
• Carlo Mariani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 323–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.36

• each sample. The NW oxide powders were ground and mixed with dried KBr in a weight ratio of about 1:100. The mixed powders were pressed in a circular die in order to have self-standing pellets. The transmission of each sample was calculated as the ratio between the intensity transmitted by each pellet

En route to controlled catalytic CVD synthesis of densely packed and vertically aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays

• Slawomir Boncel,
• Sebastian W. Pattinson,
• Valérie Geiser,
• Milo S. P. Shaffer and
• Krzysztof K. K. Koziol

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 219–233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.24

• = 514.5 nm) was used in all cases. FT-IR analyses were performed by using a Perkin Elmer spectrometer in the range from 0.44 eV (2778 nm, 3600 cm−1) to 0.1 eV (12500 nm, 800 cm−1) from KBr pellets. TGA analyses were carried out in air at a heating rate of 10 °C·min−1 by using a TGA Q500. XRD studies were

STM tip-assisted engineering of molecular nanostructures: PTCDA islands on Ge(001):H surfaces

• Amir A. Ahmad Zebari,
• Marek Kolmer and
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 927–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.104

• insulator (e.g., NaCl on metal surfaces [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] or KBr on InSb [14][15]) or even a single layer of an atomic or molecular species (e.g., passivation of Si or Ge surfaces [16][17][18][19]). Such an extremely thin interlayer not only electronically decouples on-top adsorbed molecular

Spin relaxation in antiferromagnetic Fe–Fe dimers slowed down by anisotropic Dy^III ions

• Valeriu Mereacre,
• Frederik Klöwer,
• Yanhua Lan,
• Rodolphe Clérac,
• Juliusz A. Wolny,
• Volker Schünemann,
• Christopher E. Anson and
• Annie K. Powell

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 807–814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.92

• were carried out under ambient conditions. Elemental analyses for C, H, and N were performed by using an Elementar Vario EL analyzer. IR spectra were measured on a PerkinElmer Spectrum One spectrometer as KBr disks. Preparation of [Fe4Dy2(OH)2(nbdea)4(O2CCMe3)6(N3)2]∙3MeCN (1): A mixture of FeCl2

• C66H133Fe4Dy2N13O22 (1) (dried): C, 40.17; H, 6.59; N, 8.96; found: C, 40.98; H, 6.76; N, 6.73; IR (KBr) ν: 2948 (s); 2932 (s); 2877 (m); 2057 (s); 1603 (s); 1550 (s); 1476 (s); 1463 (w); 1407 (m); 1373 (m); 1352 (m); 1330 (w) 1284 (w); 1269 (w); 1222 (m); 1164 (w); 1142 (w); 1081 (m); 1054 (m); 1049 (m); 1019 (m

• nbdea. Yield 32.1% (based on Fe); Anal. calcd for C56H106Fe4N10O23Y2: C, 39.83; H, 6.32; N. 8.29; found: C, 39.93; H, 6.71; N, 8.12; IR (KBr) ν: 2961 (s); 2923 (s); 2872 (m); 2061 (s); 1601 (s); 1552 (s); 1481 (s); 1461 (w); 1407 (m); 1371 (m); 1354 (m); 1332 (w) 1286 (w); 1268 (w); 1226 (m); 1165 (w

Novel composite Zr/PBI-O-PhT membranes for HT-PEFC applications

• Mikhail S. Kondratenko,
• Igor I. Ponomarev,
• Marat O. Gallyamov,
• Dmitry Y. Razorenov,
• Yulia A. Volkova,
• Elena P. Kharitonova and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 481–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.57

• ratio) and the reaction product, which occurred after heating this mixture up to 320–350 °C, were pressed into KBr pellets, and FT-IR spectra were taken by using a Nicolet Magna-IR-750 spectrometer. TMA Thermomechanical analysis of the composite membranes doped with PA was conducted by using a Netzsch

Nanoparticles of novel organotin(IV) complexes bearing phosphoric triamide ligands

• Zahra Shariatinia,
• Ebadullah Asadi,
• Vahid Tavasolinasab and
• Khodayar Gholivand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 94–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.11

• ), 168.37 (s, C=O); FTIR (KBr): 3437 (NH), 3071 (CH), 2906 (CH), 2840 (CH), 1671 (C=O), 1595, 1441, 1210, 1137 (P=O), 972 (P-Namine), 742 (P-Namide), 708, 532 (Sn-C)s cm−1. Bis[N-benzoyl-bis(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)phosphinic amide-κO]diaqua dimethyltin(IV) (2) To a solution of N-benzoyl-bis(4

• ), 7.91 (d, 3J(H,H) = 7.5 Hz, 4H, Ar-H, N-benzoyl); 13C NMR (CD3OD): δ 45.80 (s, CH2), 51.97(s, CH2), 118.40 (s), 122.58 (s), 129.23 (s), 129.74 (s), 130.29 (s), 133.93 (s), 134.74 (d, 3J(P,C) = 8.9 Hz, ipso-C), 152.09 (s), 171.49 (s, C=O); FT-IR (KBr): 3424 (NH), 3062 (CH), 2833 (CH), 1675 (C=O), 1593

• Hz, ipso-C), 152.99 (s), 171.37 (s, C=O); FT-IR (KBr): 3431 (NH), 3064 (CH), 2852 (CH), 2820 (CH), 1667 (C=O), 1596, 1454, 1377, 1326, 1190 (P=O), 1132 (P-Namine), 965(P-Namide), 759, 688, 572 (Sn-C)as, 532 (Sn-C)s cm−1. Bis[tris(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)phosphinic amide-κO]dichlorido dimethyltin(IV

Probing three-dimensional surface force fields with atomic resolution: Measurement strategies, limitations, and artifact reduction

• Mehmet Z. Baykara,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren,
• Todd C. Schwendemann,
• Harry Mönig,
• Eric I. Altman and
• Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 637–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.73

• sample surface. Force fields have now been recorded on NiO(001) [10][12][13], MgO/Ag(001) [14], NaCl(001) [15][16], Si(111)-(7×7) [17][18][19], HOPG [20][21], KBr(001) [9][22][23], Cu(111) [24], and CaCO3() [25] surfaces, as well as single molecules of PTCDA [26][27], pentacene [28], CO [29], C60 [30

• surface and stays constant until the plane of closest approach is reached, which is a direct consequence of (c). Additionally, Kawai et al. [16] and Fremy et al. [23] performed drift/creep-corrected three-dimensional force-field-spectroscopy experiments using atom-tracking, on NaCl(001) and KBr(001

• to another with indistinguishable symmetries. However, as long as tip–sample interactions are predominantly electrostatic in nature (e.g., on ionic crystals such as NaCl and KBr, as well as most metal oxides), method A holds a notable advantage over the other methods, as it allows the correction of

FTIR nanobiosensors for Escherichia coli detection

• Stefania Mura,
• Gianfranco Greppi,
• Maria Laura Marongiu,
• Pier Paolo Roggero,
• Sandeep P. Ravindranath,
• Lisa J. Mauer,
• Nicoletta Schibeci,
• Francesco Perria,
• Massimo Piccinini,
• Plinio Innocenzi and
• Joseph Irudayaraj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 485–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.55

• films were collected. Some tests with E. coli K12 were carried out to monitor the selectivity of the device. Film characterization Mesoporous titania thin films were characterized with a Nicolet Nexus FTIR spectrophotometer equipped with a KBr–DTGS detector and a KBr beam splitter. The measurements were

Graphite, graphene on SiC, and graphene nanoribbons: Calculated images with a numerical FM-AFM

• Fabien Castanié,
• Laurent Nony,
• Sébastien Gauthier and
• Xavier Bouju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 301–311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.34

• [16][17], MgO [18][19][20], NaCl [21][22][23][24][25], CaCO3 [26], TiO2 [27][28][29], NiO [30], KBr [21][31][32][33][34][35], CaF2 [36], and graphite [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] to mention just a few. Moreover, from monolayer to single molecules, submolecular resolution has been obtained on

Dipole-driven self-organization of zwitterionic molecules on alkali halide surfaces

• Laurent Nony,
• Franck Bocquet,
• Franck Para,
• Frédéric Chérioux,
• Eric Duverger,
• Frank Palmino,
• Vincent Luzet and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 285–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.32

• zwitterionic molecules on ionic-crystal (100) template surfaces. The crystals chosen (NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and KBr) all show the same structure (face-centered cubic, or rock salt) and thus provide an identical quadratic pattern of alternating electric charges on the surface, but with a different lattice constant

• the NaCl, RbCl, and KBr substrates, which present significantly different lattice constants compared to KCl (Table 1). As can be seen from the values of the measured MSPS lattice constant cmsps,exp in Table 1, for the substrates KCl, RbCl, and KBr, all measured cmsps,exp are within ±1% error of 5.15 Å

• substrate orient along the direction, we have to further evaluate the adsorption of MSPS on the substrates of KCl, RbCl, and KBr. If it is not the electrostatic MS interaction but a pure geometric effect that dominates the adsorption of MSPS on ionic substrates, one would expect that the orientation of the

An NC-AFM and KPFM study of the adsorption of a triphenylene derivative on KBr(001)

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Adeline Pujol,
• Florian Chaumeton,
• David Martrou,
• André Gourdon and
• Sébastien Gauthier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 221–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.25

• Antoine Hinaut Adeline Pujol Florian Chaumeton David Martrou Andre Gourdon Sebastien Gauthier CNRS, CEMES (Centre d'Elaboration des Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales), BP 94347, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France 10.3762/bjnano.3.25 Abstract The adsorption on KBr(001) of a specially

• temperature. Two types of monolayers are identified, one in which the molecules lie flat on the surface (MLh) and another in which they stand approximately upright (MLv). The Kelvin voltage on these two structures is negatively shifted relative to that of the clean KBr surface, revealing the presence of

• molecule is strongly adsorbed in the MLh structure with an adsorption energy of 1.8 eV. In the MLv layer, the molecules form π-stacked rows aligned along the polar directions of the KBr surface. In these rows, the molecules are less strongly bound to the substrate, but the structure is stabilized by the

Investigation on structural, thermal, optical and sensing properties of meta-stable hexagonal MoO₃ nanocrystals of one dimensional structure

• Angamuthuraj Chithambararaj and
• Arumugam Chandra Bose

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 585–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.62

• experiments with a standard silicon sample and hence accounting for the error properly in the estimation of the crystallite size and strain. FT-IR was recorded on a PerkinElmer spectrometer. For FT-IR measurements, the pellet was prepared by mixing synthesized powder with KBr, and the spectra were recorded in

Oriented growth of porphyrin-based molecular wires on ionic crystals analysed by nc-AFM

• Thilo Glatzel,
• Lars Zimmerli,
• Shigeki Kawai,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Leslie-Anne Fendt and
• Francois Diederich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 34–39, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.4

• Abstract The growth of molecular assemblies at room temperature on insulating surfaces is one of the main goals in the field of molecular electronics. Recently, the directed growth of porphyrin-based molecular wires on KBr(001) was presented. The molecule–surface interaction associated with a strong dipole

• molecular assemblies can be formed. The electronic decoupling of the molecules by one or two monolayers of KBr from the Cu(111) substrate is found to be insufficient to enable comparable growth conditions to bulk ionic materials. Keywords: directed growth; KBr; molecular wires; NaCl; nc-AFM; porphyrin

• studies by non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) were done on ionic crystals with adsorbed PTCDA [17][18][19][20][21][22], PTCDI [23] or C60 [24]. In the case of porphyrins, the growth [25][26][27] and electronic properties [28] of stable, monolayered molecular wires on KBr(001) with a length of up

Electrochemical behavior of dye-linked L-proline dehydrogenase on glassy carbon electrodes modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

• Haitao Zheng,
• Leyi Lin,
• Yosuke Okezaki,
• Ryushi Kawakami,
• Haruhiko Sakuraba,
• Toshihisa Ohshima,
• Keiichi Takagi and
• Shin-ichiro Suye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 135–141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.16

• . Apparatus An FT-IR spectrometer (JASCO-4100A, Tokyo, Japan) was used to characterize the MWCNTs sample. The IR pellet was made by mixing a small amount powdered KBr and the nanotube sample, and the IR spectra was recorded. A field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-4800HS, Tokyo, Japan