Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.115 Abstract Reported accidents involving scorpion poisoning by Tityus serrulatus are the most frequent in Brazil. The

• as a biotechnological approach to immunotherapy against scorpion envenomation. Keywords: cationic nanoparticles; immunoadjuvant; polyethylenimine; poly(lactic acid); Tityus serrulatus; Introduction Accidents caused by scorpion envenoming are recognized as an important public health problem in

• tropical and subtropical regions, due to the high incidence and/or severity of cases, especially for children and elders, and difficulty of management by public health services [1][2][3][4]. In Brazil, although 22 species of the scorpion genus Tityus have been described in the country, Tityus serrulatus is