Quantum size effects in TiO₂ thin films grown by atomic layer deposition

• Massimo Tallarida,
• Chittaranjan Das and
• Dieter Schmeisser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 77–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.7

• size effects; titanium dioxide (TiO2); water splitting; X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS); Introduction Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an important material for the photoelectrolysis of water [1] and for many other photocatalytic reactions [2]. Its effective conversion of solar light, although limited

• -ray photons produced by the U49 undulator were monochromatized by a planar grating monochromator with a resolution of the order of ΔE/E ≈ 10−4. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was measured simultaneously while using both total electron yield (TEY) and partial electron yield (PEY). The former was

• Massimo Tallarida Chittaranjan Das Dieter Schmeisser Applied Physics - Sensors, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 17, 03046 Cottbus, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.7 Abstract We study the atomic layer deposition of TiO2 by means of X-ray absorption

Cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles after intratracheal instillation in rats

• Nadine Haberl,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Alexander Wenk,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling and
• Carsten Schleh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 933–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.105

• dispersed in ultrapure, degassed water. The final silver concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The typical yield of Ag was about 5%. Unreacted silver and synthesis byproducts were removed by multiple ultracentrifugation, followed by redispersion under ultrasonication

Adsorption of the ionic liquid [BMP][TFSA] on Au(111) and Ag(111): substrate effects on the structure formation investigated by STM

• Benedikt Uhl,
• Florian Buchner,
• Dorothea Alwast,
• Nadja Wagner and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 903–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.102

• ) [30][31], utilizing a combination of infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. [OMIM][TFSA], which differs from [MMIM][TFSA] only by its longer alkyl chain, showed a coverage dependent adsorption geometry on Au(111): at coverages below 0.6 ML

Structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of flower-like ZnO nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Neha Bhardwaj,
• Jaspal Singh,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 763–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.87

• UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. SEM and TEM studies revealed flower-like structures consisting of nanosheets, formed due to oriented attachment of ZnO nanoparticles. Flower-like ZnO structures showed enhanced photocatalytic activity towards sun-light driven photodegradation of methylene blue dye (MB

• spectra of the samples were recorded in the range from 400 to 4000 cm−1. The optical properties of the samples were studied by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at room temperature. The powder samples were dispersed in doubly distilled water by sonication and their

• optical properties were studied by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy in the wavelength range from 200 to 800 nm using a HITACHI U3900 spectrophotometer with doubly distilled water as the reference medium. Photocatalytic measurements The photocatalytic performance of the ZnO nanostructures were evaluated by

Optimization of solution-processed oligothiophene:fullerene based organic solar cells by using solvent additives

• Gisela L. Schulz,
• Marta Urdanpilleta,
• Roland Fitzner,
• Eduard Brier,
• Elena Mena-Osteritz,
• Egon Reinold and
• Peter Bäuerle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 680–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.77

• (trans-2[3-4-tert-butylphenyl]-2-methyl-2-propenylidene)-malononitrile) as matrices. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy was carried out on a Perkin Elmer Lambda 19 using Merck Uvasol grade solvents. The maximum solubility of DCV5T-Bu4 was measured by using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. After determination

• of the molar extinction coefficient, saturated solutions were made, stirred for 60 min at 60 °C then allowed to cool to room temperature. The saturated solution was then filtered and diluted for absorption spectroscopy, and the corresponding concentration could be determined. Cyclic voltammetry

• chromatography (HPLC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively (see Supporting Information File 1). The optical properties of DCV5T-Bu4 were investigated by using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and are displayed in Figure 1a and summarized in Table 1. In dilute chloroform solutions, absorption

Characterization of electroforming-free titanium dioxide memristors

• John Paul Strachan,
• J. Joshua Yang,
• L. A. Montoro,
• C. A. Ospina,
• A. J. Ramirez,
• A. L. D. Kilcoyne,
• Gilberto Medeiros-Ribeiro and
• R. Stanley Williams

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 467–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.55

• performed using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) at the Advanced Light Source in the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. STXM allows spatially-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to be performed on a sample and is well-suited for chemical and structural characterization of the thin

• were observed. X-ray absorption spectroscopy was also performed for both types of devices. In this work the NEXAFS of the Ti L2,3 edges of the film were integrated within the junction area. Figure 3 shows the spectra for electroformed (a) and forming-free (b) devices, in both cases comparing the Virgin

• ). More detailed X-ray absorption spectroscopy for these junction regions are shown below in Figure 3. X-ray absorption spectroscopy within the junction region of an electroformed and forming-free device. The Ti L3 absorption edge is shown, which is sensitive to chemical composition and structure state

Ferromagnetic behaviour of Fe-doped ZnO nanograined films

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Thomas Tietze,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 361–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.42

• deposited onto (102) single-crystalline sapphire substrates. Drying at 100 °C in air for about 30 min was followed by thermal pyrolysis in an electrical furnace in air at 550 °C. The Zn and Fe content in doped oxides was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy in a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer and electron

Antiferromagnetic coupling of TbPc₂ molecules to ultrathin Ni and Co films

• David Klar,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Andrea Candini,
• Bernhard Krumme,
• Kurt Kummer,
• Philippe Ohresser,
• Valdis Corradini,
• Valentina de Renzi,
• Roberto Biagi,
• Loic Joly,
• Jean-Paul Kappler,
• Umberto del Pennino,
• Marco Affronte,
• Heiko Wende and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 320–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.36

• , CNRS UMP 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France 10.3762/bjnano.4.36 Abstract The magnetic and electronic properties of single-molecule magnets are studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. We study the magnetic coupling of ultrathin Co and Ni

• films that are epitaxially grown onto a Cu(100) substrate, to an in situ deposited submonolayer of TbPc2 molecules. Because of the element specificity of the X-ray absorption spectroscopy we are able to individually determine the field dependence of the magnetization of the Tb ions and the Ni or Co film

• absorption spectroscopy; Introduction Molecular spintronic devices as building blocks for future applications in information technology may be a big improvement and lead to higher efficiency [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Therefore several groups have studied the properties of potential organic molecules

Towards atomic resolution in sodium titanate nanotubes using near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure spectromicroscopy combined with multichannel multiple-scattering calculations

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Peter Krüger,
• Maureen J. Lagos,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo,
• Chris Ewels,
• Polona Umek and
• Peter Guttmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 789–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.88

• transmission mode with a zone plate objective with an outermost zone width of 40 nm. This allows the study of selected areas of the samples and reduces the uncertainties due to the presence of impurities. Figure 2 shows a few X-ray images of the image stack used to record the NEXAFS spectra. For absorption

• spectroscopy it is necessary to measure two spectra: one spectrum I(E) of transmission through the specimen and another of the incident flux I0(E). The spectrum is obtained as an optical density OD(E) = −log [I(E)/I0(E)] [33]. A region containing a bundle with a few (Na,H)TiNTs was used to record the I(E

Influence of the diameter of single-walled carbon nanotube bundles on the optoelectronic performance of dry-deposited thin films

• Kimmo Mustonen,
• Toma Susi,
• Antti Kaskela,
• Patrik Laiho,
• Ying Tian,
• Albert G. Nasibulin and
• Esko I. Kauppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 692–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.79

• transparent 1 mm thick quartz substrates (HQS300, Heraeus) for Raman spectroscopy (LabRAM, HORIBA JobinYvon, France) utilizing a HeNe laser source of 632.82 nm (1.96 eV), and for UV–vis–NIR absorption spectroscopy (Perkin-Elmer Lambda 950) used to determine the SWCNT diameters (dtube). For high-resolution

• distribution and diameters (dtube) can contribute both to conductivity and light-absorption properties [27][29]. UV–vis–NIR absorption spectroscopy is a versatile tool that can be used to define both dtube and, to a limited extent, metallicity [30]. The fitting of semiconducting (E11 and E22) and metallic (M11

X-ray absorption spectroscopy by full-field X-ray microscopy of a thin graphite flake: Imaging and electronic structure via the carbon K-edge

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Adam P. Hitchock,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo,
• Chris P. Ewels and
• Peter Guttmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 345–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.39

Substrate-mediated effects in photothermal patterning of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers with microfocused continuous-wave lasers

• Anja Schröter,
• Mark Kalus and
• Nils Hartmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 65–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.8

• only [32]. HDT coated substrates are characterized by contact-angle measurements and infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). Static water contact angles are about 109°. IR measurements show no difference for all samples considered here. A typical spectrum is shown in Figure 3, and peak

• infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) were used. UV–vis spectra were measured with a Perkin Elmer UV–vis spectrometer (Lambda 950). Laser reflectance and transmittance measurements were carried out at λ = 532 nm by using the DPSS laser of the patterning setup and a power meter with a thermal

X-ray spectroscopy characterization of self-assembled monolayers of nitrile-substituted oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s with variable chain length

• Hicham Hamoudi,
• Ping Kao,
• Alexei Nefedov,
• David L. Allara and
• Michael Zharnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 12–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.2

• nitrile moiety, which served as a spectroscopic marker group, to the OPEn backbone did not significantly affect the molecular orientation in the SAMs. Keywords: nitrile substitution; oligo(phenylene ethynylene); self-assembled monolayers; twist angle; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; Introduction Current

How to remove the influence of trace water from the absorption spectra of SWNTs dispersed in ionic liquids

• Juan Yang,
• Daqi Zhang and
• Yan Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 653–658, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.69

• introduced in the absorption spectra of IL-dispersed SWNTs and cause problems in spectral deconvolution and further analysis. In order to remove this influence, a quantitative characterization of the trace water in [BMIM]+[PF6]− and [BMIM]+[BF4]− was carried out by means of UV–vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy

Nanostructured, mesoporous Au/TiO₂ model catalysts – structure, stability and catalytic properties

• Matthias Roos,
• Dominique Böcking,
• Kwabena Offeh Gyimah,
• Gabriela Kucerova,
• Joachim Bansmann,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Nicola Hüsing and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.63

• -modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) [15][16][17] or X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques [18][19], which allow us to gain detailed information on the structure, elemental/molecular chemical composition and electronic/vibrational properties of the catalyst surface and

Nanoscaled alloy formation from self-assembled elemental Co nanoparticles on top of Pt films

• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Kai Fauth,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 473–485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.51

• alloy formation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry. The excellent sensitivity of SQUID magnetometers can be exploited, at suitably selected temperatures, to detect the magnetic response corresponding to the Co particles and nanoscale alloys. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure of bimetallic nanoparticles

• Carolin Antoniak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 237–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.28

• absorption spectroscopy. In this review, recent developments in the field of extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements and in the analysis methods for structural investigations of bimetallic nanoparticles are highlighted. The standard analysis based on Fourier transforms is compared to the

• on state-of-the-art X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) on 3rd generation synchrotron sources such as the ESRF and BESSY II. In general, XAS deals with the excitation of core-level electrons, with their element-specific binding energies, by incident X-rays. After absorption of an X-ray photon, a core

• detailed study of the (local) structure for data interpretation in terms of magnetic or electronic characterisation was discussed on the basis of magnetic moments of FexPt1−x alloys measured by XMCD [68] and calculated using the SPR-KKR method. In summary, the different aspects of X-ray absorption

Zirconium nanoparticles prepared by the reduction of zirconium oxide using the RAPET method

• Michal Eshed,
• Swati Pol,
• Aharon Gedanken and
• Mahalingam Balasubramanian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 198–203, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.23

• reaction of commercial ZrO2 with Mg powder was carried out in a closed stainless steel cell, at 750 °C. On completion of the reaction, the additionally formed MgO is removed by treatment with acid. The characterization of the product was performed by XRD, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, SEM, TEM and

• between 20° and 24° in Figure 1b, is due to the mylar layer that covers the sample in the specially inert XRD cell [12] designed to avoid the oxidation of the Zr sample. However, further proof for the successful fabrication of metallic zirconium is required. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was

Precursor concentration and temperature controlled formation of polyvinyl alcohol-capped CdSe-quantum dots

• Chetan P. Shah,
• Madhabchandra Rath,
• Manmohan Kumar and
• Parma N. Bajaj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.14

• which could be used conveniently for tuning the size of the particles, as well as their optical properties. The synthesized quantum dots were characterized by optical absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The