Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• –probe mode during experiment 1. (E) Profile of the injected gas pulse over time. (F) Time evolution of the nitrogen-containing products of NH3 oxidation. (G) Time evolution of the surface adsorbates. (A) Pd 3d core level spectra measured in continuous mode during experiment 2 in surface sensitive

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• Freundlich isotherm fitting and heterogeneous surface characteristics. However, the adsorption behavior can vary on many factors such as type of adsorbates, adsorbent composition, reaction conditions, and degree of functionality. In our case, the adsorption behavior of pure CNT-based dendrimer adsorbents

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• , the first peak is around −300 mV, corresponding to the chemisorption onto the platinum surface and dehydrogenation of glucose. This indicates formation of intermediate adsorbate forms on the platinum surface. The second peak around 150 mV is due to the further oxidation of intermediate adsorbates with

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• 4, 7, and 9. Both the electronic structure and the normalized amount of Cs adsorbates were dependent on the pH scale. These fundamental aspects provide us important information for developing new adsorbent materials using GO. Results and Discussion Large-area and single-layer graphene oxide growth

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• unrivaled spatial resolution and 3D capabilities, focused ion and electron beams technologies face challenges in reproducibility and scalability, hindering their commercial applications. Hence, these techniques require better understanding of the atomistic mechanisms involving ions, electrons, adsorbates

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• given the same molecular and electron flux. However, for the pillar, the surface diffusion contribution of adsorbates is lower as the diffusing molecules need to travel a longer distance from the surface to reach the irradiated area. Also, molecules are lost because of thermal decomposition that is

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• = 0.5, that is, the spatial integration step; Δt = 10−3 is the time step. The Fourier spectral method is used [45][46] to take spatial derivatives. As initial conditions, we assume that the substrate is free of adsorbates by taking x(r,0) = 0; boundary conditions are periodic. We fix σ2 = 0.01 for all

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• ]. This strategy capitalizes on the combination of high surface areas and the tunable nature of pore openings and channels of MOFs, achieving selective CO2 adsorption by size exclusion [55], illustrated in Figure 2a. The kinetic diameter of competing adsorbates is the most commonly quoted metric for size

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• may be unintendedly created as by-products, potentially found as surface adsorbates on the produced colloidal particles, compromising the nominal purity. However, molecular surface adsorbates may contribute to enhanced functionality in application scenarios, for example, through hindering kinetic

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• , which can be used to direct the growth of nanostructures of adsorbates. The adsorption at step edges, as opposed to that on the terraces in between, is often favored because the additional interactions between the adsorbate and the atoms of the step edge contribute to the adsorption energy Eads. This

• step decoration can be exploited to grow 1D chain-like structures of adsorbates that otherwise tend to form two-dimensional (2D) domains on flat terraces. Examples are atoms forming 1D metallic chains [11][12][13][14][15] and organic molecules forming 1D chains at step edges of vicinal metal surfaces

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• separate peaks. The intense peak at 530.7 eV can be assigned to lattice O atoms (OL) in the stoichiometric WO3 structure, whereas the peaks at 531.5 eV are due to the presence of OV in the films [40]. In addition, the presence of surface adsorbates (at 532.6 eV) is observed in both the as-deposited and

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations as implemented in the CoronaKMC tool [26] were employed to investigate competitive adsorption and to determine the composition of the protein corona. This method models adsorbates as hard spheres, which adsorb and desorb to the surface of the NPs, with different

• orientations of each protein treated as different potential adsorbates to allow for a more physically realistic model of corona formation for anisotropic proteins. In brief, a standard kinetic Monte Carlo routine is used to advance the simulation from one event, collision of an incoming adsorbate with the NP

• nm−2) and mass abundance (represented as a percentage of the total adsorbed mass). These calculations were performed utilizing the most recent KMC method modifications, including an alternative mode in which the acceptance–rejection criteria for incoming adsorbates are altered to allow replacement of

unDrift: A versatile software for fast offline SPM image drift correction

• Tobias Dickbreder,
• Franziska Sabath,
• Lukas Höltkemeier,
• Ralf Bechstein and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1225–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.101

• ]. Offline drift correction strategies, in contrast, correct the effect of drift in SPM images after the measurement. Drift correction has been carried out based on the apparent movement of stationary features (e.g., fixed defects or adsorbates) traceable in consecutive images [5][29][30][31] or images with

From a free electron gas to confined states: A mixed island of PTCDA and copper phthalocyanine on Ag(111)

• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Emily Roche and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1572–1577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.131

• , often with a single row of P2C, as well as large islands of pure PTCDA and lone CuPc adsorbates around the islands. While the small amount of P2C is not relevant to this study, we found it an unavoidable byproduct of our preparation. It is not clear why we observe the P2C phase as isolated rows within

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• demonstrated. We show a general propensity of these adsorbates to diffuse at low temperature under gentle scanning conditions. Our findings provide new insights into high-resolution probe microscopy imaging with terminated tips, decoupling atoms and molecules by NaCl islands or tip-induced lateral manipulation

• microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are required to accurately disentangle structural and electronic properties of atomic or molecular structures on these superconducting platforms. STM/AFM generally allows for a controlled repositioning of adsorbates, both by lateral and vertical

• low temperature. This differs distinctly from the adsorption on Pb(110), which has also been performed. In contrast, NaCl islands and single Fe atoms are more stable. Nevertheless, a general propensity for a tip-induced displacement of these adsorbates on the Pb(111) surface can be fulfilled. We

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• that we can register. When scanning in air, achieving this goal is complicated by substantial adhesive forces associated with surface water and/or other adsorbates, which means that the onset of repulsive interaction should be registered against a strong background of attraction. This task can be

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• desorption rates for different substrates, temperatures, and concentrations of the adsorbates can be performed by means of MD simulations. It should be stressed that, while the adsorption process can be simulated in detail on the atomistic level, the exact mechanism of precursor deposition does not affect

• replenishment phase defines the concentration of adsorbates and the amount of desorbed molecules at the beginning of the next irradiation phase. If the replenishment time is long enough, the steady state is achieved. For shorter replenishment times, the concentration of adsorbates will be a fraction of the

• newly adsorbed precursor molecules. The amount and spatial distribution of the precursor molecules added at each replenishment step can be varied in the model to describe different experimental conditions. The spatial distribution of the adsorbates added within the replenishment phase can also be

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• dielectric layers on top of the surface [34][35] or a chemical modification of the surface to saturate the dangling bonds. In surface-science-based studies, for the latter approach hydrogenation of semiconductor surfaces is frequently applied as effective passivation against chemisorption of adsorbates [36

• design often relies on non-planar adsorbates with bulky spacer groups, which can adopt various conformations. From a theoretical point of view, finding the energetically most stable conformational structure can be challenging and costly because conventional atomistic simulations are often limited to the

• substrate. Hurdax et al. reported that both charged and neutral species of sexiphenyl can co-exist on thin dielectric MgO films on Ag(100) [89]. Due to the changed work function of the substrate, charging of the adsorbates is enabled by electron tunneling. The charge transfer strongly influences the

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• α leads to ordering processes at α ≥ αc. At a fixed value of the adsorption coefficient α = α0 adsorbates will self-organize into surface structures if the rate of transference reactions k∥ exceeds the critical value . It is seen from Figure 2 that an increase in the values of the interaction

Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111)

• Abhishek Grewal,
• Yuqi Wang,
• Matthias Münks,
• Klaus Kern and
• Markus Ternes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 559–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.46

• for atomic and molecular adsorbates owing to its local electronic trapping potential due to the in-plane electric field. We obtain work function (Φ) variations on the h-BN/Cu(111) superstructure of the order of 100 meV using two independent methods, namely the shift of field emission resonances and

• expected at low bias voltages making it transparent to STM, as seen in Figure 2b,d. At this bias, only Friedel oscillations due to the scattering of the Cu(111) surface-state electrons on defects and adsorbates are observed. Contrarily, as Figure 2a reveals, at higher bias, the STM topography corresponds

• images and the STM topography. Also, the Δf variation between rim and valley areas in both images changes only marginally. The additionally imaged adsorbates (dots or ring-like features) allow, thereby, the precise alignment between the subsequently acquired data sets. Work function variation While the

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• substrate and, thus, they should be special attraction points for adsorbates. As shown in Figure 1c and Figure 1d, it is very probable that W3O9 clusters prefer to adsorb these defects inside the trenches of the z’-TiOx phase. The result is a 1D alignment of the clusters along the direction of the stripes

• thin. Thus, a direct contact of the adsorbates with the metallic alloy surface can be excluded. As shown in Figure 2c and Figure 2d, the adsorption of W3O9 on the hexagonal w’-TiOx phase shows a behavior that is completely different from the behavior observed on the rectangular z’-phase. On the fully

• controlled adsorption and manipulation of metal oxide nanoclusters. Depending on the preparation conditions, different atomically thin and highly ordered titanium oxide films can be formed on the bimetallic alloy surface, offering various templates and bonding options for adsorbates. This approach opens up

Direct observation of the Si(110)-(16×2) surface reconstruction by atomic force microscopy

• Tatsuya Yamamoto,
• Ryo Izumi,
• Kazushi Miki,
• Takahiro Yamasaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1750–1756, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.157

• shows an AFM image of a 16×2 reconstruction with sudden protrusions on L-P3 sites (defined in Figure 2a). The direction of fast scan was left to right, and that of slow scan was top to bottom. It can be ruled out that there were adsorbates on L-P3 sites because the pressure was kept below 3 × 10−11 Torr

• sites could no longer be observed. Two consecutive scans of Figure 3a and 3b indicated that these sudden protrusions were not adsorbates on L-P3 sites because they are observed in Figure 3a and not observed in Figure 3b. They can be explained by the fact that the L-P3 atom is pulled by the Si tip