Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• superconducting condensate can arise in the S/F bilayer. The generation of the LRTC opens an additional channel for the leakage of the Cooper pairs from the S into the F layers in the F1/F2/S SSV at noncollinear configuration of F1 and F2 magnetizations. This suppresses Tc significantly and, thus, should manifest

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• : (1) nanoliposomes, which are a nanoscale bilayer lipid vesicle [132]; (2) nanocapsules, which consist of an inner aqueous core surrounded by a nontoxic polymeric membrane [133]; (3) solid lipid nanoparticles, which consist of a solid lipid core stabilized by a surfactant [134]; and (4) nanocrystals

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• complexity to characterize such samples from the previous Raman criteria with the case of twisted MoS2 bilayers. The identification of the bilayer character of the investigated flakes was unambiguously obtained independently from spectral reflectivity and optical contrast. Figure 5a shows the low-frequency

• range of spectra recorded on three types of MoS2 bilayer (named 2L-MoS2 in the following), namely a bilayer with θ ≈ 30° (this sample belongs to the so-called twisted-bilayer family for which 0 < θ < 60° and is named in the following as θ-2L-MoS2), the so-called 2Hc-2L-MoS2 and the so-called 3R-2L-MoS2

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• microscope evaluation allowed us to choose flakes that fitted our requirements the best in terms of lateral sizes and number of graphitic layers (optical contrast abruptly changes from monolayer to the bilayer, triple-layer, or HOPG) [37]. The same substrates of separate studies of topographical changes

• e-beam were taken using the Bruker Dimension ICON XR PeakForce in tapping mode in air with image resolution of 258 × 258 pixels and then post-processed with Gwyddion. Graphene flake composed of monolayer, bilayer, and triple-layer graphene after water-assisted etching processes, analyzed using

• monolayer, bilayer at triple-layer graphene. A) Optical microscope image of a graphene flake prior to patterning; B) SEM image of the same flake after the patterning process; C) Raman map according to the spectra in (D), revealing the substrate (red line), pristine (green line), and exposed regions (blue

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• ]. Although this nanostructured system is a promising carrier, further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to evaluate such improvements for curc or other leishmanicidal drugs. Nanoliposomes Nanoliposomes are nanoscale lipid bilayer vesicles mainly composed of phospholipids. These systems (small

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• , a natural inhibitor of neutral magnesium-dependent sphingomyelinase, a key enzyme in sphingomyelin breakdown. This enzyme is essential because sphingomyelin is crucial in forming the outer leaflet of the tegumental lipid bilayer membrane in Schistosoma mansoni [43]. Araújo et al. [84] verified the

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• using three different fabrication methods: lift-off, ion beam etching (IBE), and stencil lithography. They were further analyzed using different instruments, including scanning electron microscopy, LTEM, and electron holography. A bilayer of positive PMMA resist was utilized in the first fabrication

• advantageous in terms of structural resolution, process simplicity, and the absence of resist residues [21]. We have fabricated ferromagnetic nanodisks on a conventional TEM grid from TedPella® using three different fabrication methods. In the first method, a bilayer of positive PMMA resist yielded an undercut

• lower dose than the main exposure so that it does not induce chain scission in the top resist layer, but only in the bottom resist layer, which is more sensitive. The result of the multi-dose exposure was controlled by observing a cross section of the developed bilayer resist using a SEM in snapshot

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• it to the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer [49]. Trypanosoma brucei predominant membrane protein variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), which is involved in parasite host immune system evasion, is anchored by a GPI that requires myristate for its synthesis. Analogs of myristate have shown toxicity

• indicated that the specificity of fatty acid incorporation depends on chain length [52]. The lipid in our formulation is an ester of fatty acids that could hypothetically interrupt the anchoring of mucin to the lipid bilayer in T. cruzi, thus rendering the parasites non-viable. However, further studies are

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• these two extremes, the peak shape evolves gradually, and while the 2D peak from bilayer graphene has been shown to comprise four components, deconvolution for higher layer numbers has not been reliably carried out. The spectrum recorded from flakes with ten or more layers is typically indistinguishable

• typically has a larger width (45–60 cm−1) compared to single layer graphene (ca. 24 cm−1). The intensity of the peaks has also been shown to be influenced by the rotational angle in bilayer graphene, although the shape of the peak is largely unaffected [22]. Roscher et al. [23] have attempted to quantify

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• ][49][50]. In 2021, Zou et al. developed a biodegradable and sustainable bilayer composite for highly efficient solar evaporation based on a photothermally enhanced arginine-doped polydopamine (APDA) and raw wood [47]. In this study, APDA coatings with enhanced photothermal effects were prepared by

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• water impermeability of the bilayer membrane causes one-dimensional swelling and diffusion, and the hydrophobic aggregates act as sacrificial bonds to yield high mechanical strength and toughness during deformation. The abovementioned general examples could be involved in parts of nanoarchitectonics

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• physicochemical properties (polar headgroup, linker region, and type and length of hydrophobic domain), PEG amount, PEG lipid alkyl length, as well as the physicochemical properties of the LNPs (zeta potential, pKa value, and structure and conformation of the lipid bilayer) will result in improved targeting

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• proximity effect. The spin current can be induced only by the nonstationary flow of triplet Cooper pairs, just as in a conventional spin-pumping bilayer structure with a normal metal [33]. Thus, spin currents cannot emerge when the magnetization is stationary inside the ferromagnetic insulator layer

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• always deposited after the Ni layer to prevent the oxidation of the Ni layer. The bilayer thicknesses of different systems were 15 nm Au/5 nm Ni, 10 nm Au/10 nm Ni and 5 nm Au/15 nm Ni, and the thickness of each layer was controlled by a quartz balance during the deposition. Thermal annealing was carried

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• . For the SC6 sample, the most common flake would be a bilayer talc flake. For symmetry analysis, Figure 4d adds to what can be seen in Figure 4c with vectorial representation of mode, k, and τ for the h distribution of all four samples. Triton-X100 and SC6 have the most trimmed distributions while the

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• Microelectronic and Nanotechnology Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia 10.3762/bjnano.13.133 Abstract ITO/Mo bilayer thin films were sputtered on n-type silicon and glass substrates and annealed with a Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The

• roughness. In this work, we investigate the effect of laser annealing treatment on ITO/Mo (IM) bilayer thin films as transparent conducting material for solar cell applications. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the IM structure were examined as functions of the laser energy

• . Experimental IM bilayer thin films were sputtered on n-type silicon(111) substrates for structural, morphological, and electrical characterization. In addition, the bilayer thin films were deposited on glass substrates for optical characterization. This process was performed using RF magnetron sputtering

Density of states in the presence of spin-dependent scattering in SF bilayers: a numerical and analytical approach

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Valeriia D. Pashkovskaia,
• Nikita A. Parkhomenko,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Boris G. Lvov,
• Alexander A. Golubov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1418–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.117

• the diffusion constant in the normal metal and Tc is the transition temperature. When a superconductor S is combined with a ferromagnetic layer F, forming an SF bilayer, the superconductivity leaks into the ferromagnetic region over the characteristic length ξh = where Df is the diffusion constant in

• ]. In this work, we consider a diffusive SF bilayer, assuming a relatively low interface transparency and the presence of magnetic and spin–orbit scattering. For this purpose, the Kupriyanov–Lukichev (KL) boundary conditions at the superconductor/ferromagnet interface are perfectly suitable [83]. We

• in this model and neglect the nonequilibrium effects in the structure [90][91][92]. Our goal is to find the DOS of a single SF bilayer, which can be done by solving the Usadel equations in the ferromagnetic and superconducting layers. We employ the θ parametrization of the normal and anomalous

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• investigating the nano-punching processing was the quasi-continuum (QC) method, which has been extensively studied in recent decades [45][46][47][48][49][50]. Wu et al. used the QC method to simulate the fracture and cracking of metallic bilayer materials and found that those materials have lower mechanical

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• writing optical lithography on 1 × 1 cm2 degenerate Si(100) substrates covered by a 300 nm thick high-quality SiO2 layer. A Cr(10 nm)/Au(100 nm) bilayer was thermally evaporated on the sample to produce good ohmic contacts (see Supporting Information File 1). This procedure follows the methodology

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• suspension used for 5 min was almost five times less effective than the MNs [158]. Nanoparticle-loaded bilayer dissolving microneedle arrays for the sustained delivery of proteins to the posterior region of the eye were developed by Wu and co-workers (Figure 8). Ovalbumin, a model protein, was encapsulated

• . S. Thakur, “Long-acting nanoparticle-loaded bilayer microneedles for protein delivery to the posterior segment of the eye“, pages 306-318, Copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. The hybrid detachable microneedle developed by Lee et al. Figure 9 was

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• ]. Contrarily, nanoparticles composed of a lipid bilayer with cores of different crosslinking extent showed higher uptake of softer particles in MCF-7 cells, which was thought to be due to a melting process of particles with the cell membrane that consumed less energy than endocytosis [8]. Regarding the in vivo

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces

• Peter Machon,
• Michael J. Wolf,
• Detlef Beckmann and
• Wolfgang Belzig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60

• time [24][25][26]. Magnetic insulators have been used successfully, for example, in magnetic Josephson junctions [27], superconducting spin switches [13], and for studying the triplet proximity effect [28]. Ferromagnetic insulators are a good probe of the spin-dependent proximity effect in bilayer

• angles δφ induced by the FI (top), the external field H (right). To describe the FI–S bilayer as illustrated in Figure 1b within the circuit theory [38], we use the formalism for the boundary conditions for spin-dependent connectors developed in [30], which agrees with the results of [31]. This boundary

• condition (BC) for the Usadel equation was derived, and it was shown how this BC can be applied to a ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor bilayer system in the limit that the thickness d of the superconducting film is small compared to the coherence length. We define the spin-dependent Green’s function of

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• ) and 285 cm−1 () are observed at the border of the MoSe2 flake, which can be determined to be a MoSe2 bilayer [27]. SHG spectroscopy was performed to determine the crystal stacking structure of the MoSe2 flake. Figure 1d exhibits the SHG map of the flake shown in Figure 1a using a 780 nm femtosecond

• enables a high SERS enhancement factor when the molecules are excited with the |Ex,y|2 component of the azimuthal polarization. Regarding the photoluminescence spectra measured at the border (bilayer) and center (monolayer) regions of CuPc/MoSe2 with radial and azimuthal polarization (Figure 3b), we

• further discuss the charge-transfer direction between CuPc and MoSe2. The central wavelength of the photoluminescence peak is roughly at 790 nm, which is in good agreement with the exciton emission of monolayer MoSe2 [27]. The photoluminescence intensity of CuPc on bilayer MoSe2 is significantly lower

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• high amounts of ethanol that can carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic drug molecules. They are also highly deformable and reach deep skin layers [18][19]. ETHs are similar to the lipid bilayer composition of cells in the epidermis, due to the presence of phospholipids in their structure, and thus

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• bilayer disks composed of 17 monomers per layer, 18 nm in diameter with a 4 nm central channel. At high ionic strength and non-acidic pH, these disks can stack on top of each other to form non-helical, rod-like assemblies. There are several known disk aggregates that can be difficult to distinguish

• between in TEM. The bilayer disk has been reported in two different polymorphs: a polar disk with both layers in the same orientation or a bipolar disk with the two layers related by C2 symmetry [18][19][20]. Under basic conditions and at high ionic strength, a four-layer disk aggregate is observed [21

• TMV A-protein to larger species, likely bilayer disks, as determined by analytical centrifugation and light scattering [32]. They attributed this behaviour to the salting-out effect of glycine and its derivatives. Only the transition from A-protein to disk was investigated, so it is unclear what