Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• selected surface [21][22][36][49]. However, these studies were performed on particle clusters in crowded environments, which induce collective phenomena [36][49] that are not in our scope. Conclusion Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely investigated for biomedical applications like biochemical

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• Humicola sp. in biomedical applications were investigated. Cancer experiments were carried out using breast cancer and Burkitt’s lymphoma cancer cells, while the biocompatibility tests of α-AgS nanoparticles were also conducted using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) [18]. Additionally

• h [17]. In another study, the antibacterial effects of Ag, Ag2S, and Ag2Se NCs on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were investigated [15]. As a result of the literature review, biomedical applications of silver-based NCs were exemplified above. As can be seen from these studies, biomedical

• applications of AgSbS2 NCs have not been found. Therefore, biomedical applications of AgSbS2 NCs are presented to the literature for the first time with the present study. Materials and Methods Chemicals Silver nitrate (AgNO3, ≥99.5%), tert-dodecylmercaptan (t-DDT, C12H26S), oleylamine (70%), antimony(III

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• nanotubes, and carbon dots, have attracted considerable interest as nanocarriers for drug delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties. Their high surface area, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface chemistry make them highly attractive for a range of biomedical applications. However, concerns

• energy sectors (Figure 1). NMs have seen use as antimicrobial agents [1], catalysts [2], bioimaging agents [3][4][5][6], magnetic particle imaging agents [7], nanofluids [8], antiviral agents [9], photothermal convertors [10], and in environmental remediation [11]. Topically, the biomedical applications

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• encapsulated within a PLA shell, highlighting substantial potential for biomedical applications by overcoming key material integration hurdles. Keywords: co-axial nanofibers; electrospinning; hybrid nanosystem; nanofibers; nanoemulsion; poly(lactic acid); Introduction Driven by the significant potential of

• concentration, surface tension, conductivity, and solvent volatility, alongside careful consideration of electrospinning conditions, such as temperature and humidity [18][19]. The polymer selection of nanofibers intended for biomedical applications must prioritize not only mechanical strength, controlled

• various biomedical applications [28][29]. Complementing the regenerative and biocompatible profile of HA, β-caryophyllene (βCp) is another critical component of significant pharmaceutical potential. Among the array of attributes exhibited by βCp, it notably possesses potent analgesic, antioxidant

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• biomedical applications. These include: (a) superior stability during storage compared to that of macroemulsions, attributed to their small droplet size, which prevents flocculation, creaming, and sedimentation; (b) enhanced bioavailability and improved aqueous solubility of lipophilic molecules; (c

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• scalability concerns [10]. Additionally, M. edulis Mfp exhibits optimal adhesion under acidic conditions [11], potentially limiting its biomedical application. Meanwhile, synthetic sealants based on DOPA functionalisation of natural or synthetic polymers have shown promise in biomedical applications, but

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• and other environments, has significant biomedical applications [148]. In this study, NPs were incorporated into biofilms for oral administration, demonstrating controlled release and effective protection of curcumin from external factors. The results discussed in this section highlight the potential

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• -EGCG, as well as manganin, FeCl3, and the PD-L1 antibody. Hyaluronic acid is a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix and has diverse biomedical applications [115]. It can be obtained through the fermentation of bacteria and yeasts, as well as animal sources, using

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• techniques for the removal of MPs. Nanoparticle-based removal Advancements in characterization and synthesis techniques have enabled the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, leading to innovations across various domains, including energy, electronics, and biomedical applications. Figure 5 depicts

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• development of advanced sensing platforms capable of detecting and responding to complex biological signals, alongside the integration of AI-based algorithms for real-time lifetime prediction and adaptive control. Beyond biomedical applications, such intelligent transient systems hold significant promise in

• transient technologies across biomedical, environmental, and security applications. Transient electronics for implantable biomedical applications. (a) A biodegradable silicon pressure sensor (left) and its application to intracranial pressure monitoring in the brain (right). Figure 1a was adapted from [6

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• (IONPs) with functional organic molecules is a major area of research for biomedical applications. Conjugation reactions, such as carbodiimide coupling and the highly selective class of reactions known as “click chemistry”, have been instrumental in tailoring the ligand layers of IONPs to produce

• erroneous conclusions about the efficacy of conjugation reactions, which can have detrimental impacts on the functionality and safety of IONPs in biomedical applications. Keywords: click chemistry; copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition; disulfide reduction; iron oxide nanoparticles; thiol–maleimide

• conclusions about the efficacy of common conjugation reactions on the IONP surface. This, in turn, can have detrimental impacts on the functionality and safety of IONPs in biomedical applications. Results and Discussion Use of propargylamine for EDC coupling to IONPs and CuAAC coupling of Cy5-azide PPA is a

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• , Istanbul, Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.16.105 Keywords: biomedical applications; drug delivery; nanocarriers; nanomaterials; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; polymeric nanoparticles; tissue regeneration; Medicine has rapidly advanced over the last few decades, and nanotechnology has played a significant role in

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• against E. coli, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes. In addition, improved biofilm disruption and reduced cytotoxicity were also observed. Bismuth complexes Bismuth and its derivatives have been widely employed in biomedical applications [130]. Among their most prominent applications is the treatment of

• significant intrinsic cytotoxicity of Ir(III) complexes remains a limiting factor for biomedical applications; in this regard, the development of nanocarriers that can enhance the biocompatibility of these complexes is currently of much interest [139][140]. For example, the encapsulation of the Ir-based

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• physicochemical and biological properties, and incredible potential of being therapeutic agent carriers for biomedical applications [10][11]. They are capable to deliver a range of therapeutics including genes, vaccines, biological macromolecules, hydrophobic/hydrophilic drugs, and proteins to certain organs such

• easiest to use for biomedical applications as they lack mature DNA and other organelles [26]. There are various methods to load agents inside or attach onto the surface of RBCs by either chemical or physical methods such as (A) hypotonic presealing, (B) hypotonic loading, (C) electroporation, and (D

• structure of protein, and reducible disulfide groups [78][79][80]. 1.3.2 Bovine serum albumin. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is widely used in biomedical applications such as supplemental growth media and protein standards. BSA was used as a template for the synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• nm, from which quantitative data are often extracted. For example, in materials science applications, nanoscale spectromicroscopy [5][6][7][8] is used to examine a sample around its absorption edges, which provides insights into its electronic structure. In biomedical applications [9][10][11][12

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• useful as a potential photosensitizer for PDT treatments in biomedical applications. Experimental Materials Cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc, 97%), nickel(II) phthalocyanine (NiPc, 85%), platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP, 98%), and Pluronic® F-127 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Chloroaluminum

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• stimulate electrically excitable cells without requiring an external power source, making them highly attractive for biomedical applications such as treating cardiac arrhythmias and promoting bone regeneration [17][18]. Mechanical stimulation, notably ultrasound (US), can induce a piezoelectric response in

• , making them particularly attractive for biomedical applications. [21][22]. Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is one of the most well-known piezoelectric nanomaterials (NMs), characterized by a cubic structure with four polymorphs which change depending on the temperature and a high dielectric constant. All its

• properties due to its noncentrosymmetric crystal structure, making it a promising material for biomedical applications such as bone regeneration, where it can convert mechanical stimuli into bioelectrical signals. Additionally, the biocompatibility and ability of hBN to be integrated into composite scaffolds

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• as biomedical applications [15][16][17][18][19][20], but also extends to functional material systems that address issues such as energy [21][22][23][24][25] and environment [26][27][28][29][30]. The creation of such soft functional materials has been fostered alongside the advancement of science

• release of protein biopharmaceuticals in response to antibodies. It is anticipated that these hydrogels will prove useful in a number of biomedical applications, including the three-dimensional controlled release of drugs and proteins, the construction of hierarchical organoids, and the development of

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• Fe2O3 nanoparticles and VO2 nanorods on the 2D rGO surface. Notably, the ternary composite displayed good magnetic properties for its potential biomedical applications. Overall, this work explores an efficient and cost-effective synthetic approach for developing graphene-based magnetic nanocomposites

• , the approach was also able to convert V2O5 to form VO2 and synthesize Fe2O3 from ferrocene. The structure and properties of the NC were examined through various characterization techniques. Lastly, the magnetic properties of Fe-containing ternary NCs were also evaluated for their possible biomedical

• applications. Experimental Materials Vanadium (V) oxide (V2O5) powder and ferrocene were purchased from Alfa Aesar. The other chemicals used for the synthesis of graphite oxide, such as conc. sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), conc. hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium chlorate (KClO3), conc

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• Zn(OH)2 constituent). ZH nanoparticles and GO nanosheets in the GO-SG-ZH hydrogel are antibacterial and antibiofilm agents with low toxicity for food packaging and biomedical applications [56][57]. The main antibacterial mechanism of GO nanosheets is cell membrane damage caused by direct contact of

• biomedical applications thanks to its antibiofilm, safety, and biodegradability properties. Stability of graphene oxide–nanosilica–zinc hydroxide coatings on polylactide films in aqueous environments SG/PLA and GO-SG-ZH/PLA films were immersed in an environment simulating aqueous food for one month. The

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• satisfactory biocompatibility, FLG–TA potentially offers new insights as a novel biomaterial for dental applications. The addition of TA to the FLG surface enhances both physicochemical and biological properties. This advantageous combination expands the potential uses of the biocomposite across biomedical

• applications and dentistry. In future work, we will incorporate the FLG–TA composite into various dental biomaterials, such as sealer resins and calcium silicate cements, to improve their mechanical and physicochemical properties. Experimental Reagents and materials Tannic acid (MW = 1701.20 g·mol−1) and

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• 37610, Pakistan 10.3762/bjnano.16.46 Abstract The importance of electrospun membranes for biomedical applications has increased, especially when it comes to skin regeneration and wound healing. This review presents the production and applications of electrospun membranes based on polyurethane (PU) and

• silk fibroin (SF) and highlights their benefits as a skin substitute. This review also highlights the electrospinning technique used to prepare nanofibers for these biomedical applications. Silk, well-known for its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, structural properties, and low immunogenic

• response, is extensively investigated by addressing its molecular structure, composition, and medical uses. PU is a candidate for potential biomedical applications because of its strength, flexibility, biocompatibility, cell-adhesive properties, and high resistance to biodegradation. PU combined with silk

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• valuable candidates for various biomedical applications such as diagnosis, therapeutics, and drug delivery. The efficacy of these NPs is closely linked to their pharmacokinetic properties. The biodistribution, safety profile, and clearance mechanism of NPs plays a critical role in the clinical application

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• applications [32][33][34], palladium is an important metal as it is the optimal material to make metallic contacts with CNTs [35]. Palladium nanoparticles are also being explored for biomedical applications and sensors [36]. Therefore, Pd nanoprinting via FEBID could emerge as a key technique for creating