Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• fluorescence spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR and SQUID magnetometry. The in vitro studies on bone-marrow-derived polymorphonuclear neutrophils (BM-PMNs) suggested that these nanoparticles exert toxic effects only at high concentrations. In a similar way, Chen et al. [25] synthesized FITC-conjugated mesoporous

In situ scanning tunneling microscopy study of Ca-modified rutile TiO₂(110) in bulk water

• Giulia Serrano,
• Beatrice Bonanni,
• Tomasz Kosmala,
• Marco Di Giovannantonio,
• Ulrike Diebold,
• Klaus Wandelt and
• Claudio Goletti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 438–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.44

• [12][13][14][15]. Recently, the deposition of a thin calcium layer onto TiO2 substrates resulted in a prototypical model of the interface responsible for the bone growth by apposition in medical implants [16]. The experiments reported in the literature mostly concern Ca overlayers on a TiO2(110

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• that were first described by Friedenstein and colleagues [13] and can be obtained from various tissues including bone marrow [14], adipose tissue [15] and most connective tissues [16]. Due to their ability to differentiate towards adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes [14], these cells are also of a

• great interest for tissue engineering approaches (e.g., for defects of bone or cartilage). Over 100 clinical trials employing hMSCs for regenerative medicine, for instance, after stroke and myocardial infarction [17], demonstrate that the clinical use of these cells is of utmost interest. Therefore, the

• combination of nanoparticles with these two stem cell types derived from the bone marrow is very promising not only for labelling to monitor biodistribution and migration of stem cells but also to establish the “pharmacokinetics” of such cellular therapeutics. Furthermore, such nanoparticles can be

The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice

• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Markus Heine,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Stephen G. Hickey,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Jörg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11

• short time distribution is in good agreement with earlier results in rats, including also a transient storage in bone [25]. The whole body retention (WBR) curve shown in Figure 4 for 51Cr-SPIOs clearly shows a lag phase of about 2 d, in which 51Cr was excreted from the whole body. Using a correction

Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects

• Li Shang,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Xiue Jiang,
• Linxiao Yang,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Thomas Simmet and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2388–2397, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.248

• were washed twice with PBS. Human MSCs were obtained from bone marrow aspirates or explanted hip bones [50] and cultured in alpha minimal essential medium (R-MEM, Cambrex, East Rutherford, NJ) supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 U penicillin, 100 mg/mL streptomycin, and 1 mM pyruvate

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• have been coated with Ag-NP. For example, various medical devices include silver, such as surgical instruments, bone implants and wound dressings. After the degradation of these materials, or depending on the coating technique, silver in nanoparticle or ion form can be released and may come into close

• cultured for weeks without cell passage, which is important for long-term studies [25]. Furthermore, MSCs contribute to the regeneration and repair of mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, ligaments, tendons, adipose tissue and stroma [26]. Ag-NP and Ag+ ions have been reported to bind

• osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capability of human bone MSCs. In addition, Kohl et al. reported that Au-NP led to a decrease in mitochondrial activity and inhibited lipid formation that depend on the concentration of the applied particles [47]. Therefore, the expression of adipogenic-specific

Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles

• Anne-Kathrin Barthel,
• Martin Dass,
• Melanie Dröge,
• Jens-Michael Cramer,
• Daniela Baumann,
• Markus Urban,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.201

• living organisms, for example, the decomposition dynamics of resorbable threads in surgery or the surface compatibility of bone implants. In particular, materials based on poly(ε-caprolacton) and poly(lactic acid) have found their way as resorbable materials into medical applications. Preferentially, the

• ). A detailed description of the preparation can be found elsewhere [17]. Human mesenchymal stem cell cultivation Human MSCs were generated from bone marrow aspirations or explanted hips after obtaining informed consent in accordance with the terms of the ethics committee of the University of Ulm

Influence of surface-modified maghemite nanoparticles on in vitro survival of human stem cells

• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Lyubov L. Lukash,
• Tetiana A. Ruban,
• Yurii N. Kolomiets,
• Svitlana P. Shpylova and
• Oksana A. Grypych

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1732–1737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.183

• labeling of cells in order to track them both in diagnostics and therapeutics [1][2]. For example, mesenchymal [3], neural [4], and bone marrow [5] stem cells, as well as other cells are widely labeled by surface-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Other applications of nanoparticles involve the delivery of

In vitro and in vivo interactions of selected nanoparticles with rodent serum proteins and their consequences in biokinetics

• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Stefanie Fertsch-Gapp,
• Martin Schäffler,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Christian Pfeiffer,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Manuela Semmler-Behnke,
• Matthias Epple and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1699–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.180

• and skin. Estimating the skeletal AuNP fraction about 15% of the translocated AuNP were accumulated from blood to the bone marrow with its sensitive stem cell population. For more details see [10][13]. After the intravenous injection of AuNP suspensions a retention is expected in the organs of the

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• nanoscopic wear debris [6][7][8] which have been reported to accumulate in lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver and spleen [9]. In that context toxicological effects, including impaired DNA replication and cell growth as well as inflammatory responses, are meant to originate from release of toxic heavy metal ions

• properties such as superelasticity and shape memory effect, which was reported to occur even on a nanoscopic scale [115]. These characteristics make NiTi alloys particularly suitable, e.g., as stent material [116][117][118] and scaffolds in bone tissue engineering [119]. Synthesis of NiTi nanoparticles by

The cell-type specific uptake of polymer-coated or micelle-embedded QDs and SPIOs does not provoke an acute pro-inflammatory response in the liver

• Markus Heine,
• Alexander Bartelt,
• Oliver T. Bruns,
• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Ludger Scheja,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Rudolph Reimer,
• Horst Weller,
• Peter Nielsen and
• Joerg Heeren

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1432–1440, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.155

• -dependent manner. Given the limitation of the study that gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers was analysed 48 h (Figure 3) or 4 h (Figure 6) after the injection of nanoparticles, we cannot exclude that different target cells in different organs such as the kidney, spleen, adipose tissues or the bone

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• delivery system for bone metastatic prostate cancer was developed, characterized, and evaluated in vitro. NDs were conjugated with the Asp–Gly–Glu–Ala (DGEA) peptide to target α2β1 integrins over-expressed in prostate cancers during metastasis. To facilitate drug delivery, DOX was adsorbed to the surface

• tissues, the ND-DGEA conjugates were designed to distinguish between cells that overexpress α2β1 integrin, bone metastatic prostate cancers cells (PC3), and cells that do not, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Utilizing the ND-DGEA+DOX system, the efficacy of 1 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL DOX doses increased

• collagens, laminins, E-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase 1 [31]. α2β1 integrins have been proven to be up-regulated in bone metastatic prostate cancer cells [32][33]. Particularly, PC3 human bone metastatic prostate cancer cell lines have the highest expression of α2β1 integrins when compared to other

Manipulation of isolated brain nerve terminals by an external magnetic field using D-mannose-coated γ-Fe₂O₃ nano-sized particles and assessment of their effects on glutamate transport

• Tatiana Borisova,
• Natalia Krisanova,
• Arsenii Borуsov,
• Roman Sivko,
• Ludmila Ostapchenko,
• Michal Babic and
• Daniel Horak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.90

• that D-mannose-modified iron oxide nanoparticles could cross the cell membranes and be internalized by rat bone marrow stromal cells [12]. In the mammalian central nervous system, amino acid glutamate plays a primary role as a key excitatory neurotransmitter. Glutamate participates in many aspects of

Cyclodextrin-poly(ε-caprolactone) based nanoparticles able to complex phenolphthalein and adamantyl carboxylate

• Daniela Ailincai and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 651–657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.76

• important are biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity [4][5]. The aliphatic polyesters combine the requirements above mentioned. Consequently, they had a huge impact on the biomedical field and are used in surgical sutures, tissue scaffolding and for bone screws [6]. Between them, one of the most

Biocalcite, a multifunctional inorganic polymer: Building block for calcareous sponge spicules and bioseed for the synthesis of calcium phosphate-based bone

• Xiaohong Wang,
• Heinz C. Schröder and
• Werner E. G. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 610–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.72

• phosphate/hydroxyapatite (HA). Evidence has been presented that during the initial phase of HA synthesis poorly crystalline carbonated apatite is deposited. Recent data summarized here indicate that during early bone formation calcium carbonate deposits enzymatically formed by CA, act as potential bioseeds

• for the precipitation of calcium phosphate mineral onto bone-forming osteoblasts. Two different calcium carbonate phases have been found during CA-driven enzymatic calcium carbonate deposition in in vitro assays: calcite crystals and round-shaped vaterite deposits. The CA provides a new target of

• potential anabolic agents for treatment of bone diseases; a first CA activator stimulating the CA-driven calcium carbonate deposition has been identified. In addition, the CA-driven calcium carbonate crystal formation can be frozen at the vaterite state in the presence of silintaphin-2, an aspartic acid

Influence of the adsorption geometry of PTCDA on Ag(111) on the tip–molecule forces in non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Gernot Langewisch,
• Jens Falter,
• André Schirmeisen and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 98–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.9

• measurements on the same system have been published before [3][13]. Figure 1a shows an STM topography image of a PTCDA monolayer on Ag(111). The molecules are arranged in a characteristic herring bone structure where the unit cell contains two molecules with different orientation and adsorption geometry. Here

Site-selective growth of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks on self-assembled monolayer patterns prepared by AFM nanografting

• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Alexander Welle,
• Stefan Heißler,
• Christof Wöll and
• Hartmut Gliemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 638–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.71

• grafted areas. HKUST-1 SURMOF on MHDA nanografted structures As a second thiol supporting the selective growth of SURMOF structures, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA), was used and grafted into a matrix SAM made from 1-octadecanethiol (ODT, Figure 6a). In this case ODT was used because the back bone

High-resolution nanomechanical analysis of suspended electrospun silk fibers with the torsional harmonic atomic force microscope

• Mark Cronin-Golomb and
• Ozgur Sahin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 243–248, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.25

• analysis of mechanical measurements and topography, as well as comparison of various mechanical models. In this work we investigate the mechanical behavior of electrospun silk fibers, which are used for making scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering [35]. Mechanical characteristics of these structures are

Growth behaviour and mechanical properties of PLL/HA multilayer films studied by AFM

• Cagri Üzüm,
• Johannes Hellwig,
• Narayanan Madaboosi,
• Dmitry Volodkin and
• Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.87

• , back in 1993 [9]. Further measurements include different strains of E. coli with a colloidal probe [10], elastic modulus of human platelet cells [11], human bone cell or skeletal muscle cells [12], breast cancer cells [13][14], hydrogel films [15][16][17], or nanoribbons [18], as well as single

Nano-FTIR chemical mapping of minerals in biological materials

• Sergiu Amarie,
• Paul Zaslansky,
• Yusuke Kajihara,
• Erika Griesshaber,
• Wolfgang W. Schmahl and
• Fritz Keilmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 312–323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.35

• its first application to natural nanostructures, the mineral particles in shell and bone. "Nano-FTIR" spectral images result from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). On polished sections of Mytilus edulis shells we

• inorganic particles embedded in organic matrices [15][16][17]. Major tissues of interest include the phosphatic (bone) family of materials, and the carbonatic family as found, e.g., in mollusc shells. Within the phylum Brachiopoda, both strategies of hybrid shell architecture have evolved: Calcium carbonate

• crystals in an organic matrix [18][19][20], and laminates of calcium phosphate nanoparticle reinforced chitin fibers [21][22]. FTIR spectroscopic microscopy is a well-established method and has been extensively used to study bone biominerals at several micrometers spatial resolution [23][24][25][26][27][28

X-ray spectroscopy characterization of self-assembled monolayers of nitrile-substituted oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s with variable chain length

• Hicham Hamoudi,
• Ping Kao,
• Alexei Nefedov,
• David L. Allara and
• Michael Zharnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 12–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.2

• means that a herring-bone type of motif exists, which is the typical configuration for both bulk aromatic materials (see, e.g., [63]) and their respective monolayers [62][64][65]. Similar to the SAMs with a nonsubstituted OPE backbone [42][43], orientational order in NC-OPEn films depends on the length

• not significantly affect the molecular orientation in the SAMs. This was explained by the rigidity of the OPE3 backbone and stability of the densely packed molecular lattice, which consists of OPE3 moieties in planar conformation arranged, presumably, in a herring-bone fashion. The results of this