Molecular engineering of individual dye-based nanoparticle photostability for ultrabright two-photon fluorescence

• Eleonore Kurek,
• Sasha Cooper,
• Alexandre Clausolles,
• Karen Perronet,
• Jonathan Daniel,
• Mireille Blanchard-Desce and
• François Marquier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 688–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.48

• nonlinear fluorescence microscopy and bioimaging applications. Keywords: bottom-up design; organic nanoparticles; two-photon fluorescence; two-photon microscopy; Introduction Dye-based fluorescent organic nanoparticles (dFONs) are a class of self-stabilized bioimaging probes composed solely of aggregated

• faster photobleaching rate, as confirmed by direct time-resolved measurements and their quadratic dependence on excitation power. Together, these results validate the bottom-up design strategy used for nanoparticle synthesis and highlight the trade-off between absorption efficiency and photostability