Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• of the resulting hybrid, namely polymer chains and inorganic NPs (e.g., covalent, ionic, van der Waals). Several halogenated coupling agents can be used to covalently graft an organic group onto the surface of oxide NPs, e.g., organosilanes [21][22][23], carboxylate [24][25] or phosphonate/phosphate

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• ]. The best surface availability of organofunctional groups was achieved for the amino-terminated ligands when the organosilane was added 30 min after start of the particle growth, and for the carboxylate-terminated ones the optimal addition time was 5.5 h after particle growth initialization. No

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• of functional inorganic materials under mild reaction conditions where organic templates direct the deposition process. In this study, this principle was adapted for the formation of piezoelectric ZnO thin films. The influence of two different organic templates (namely, a carboxylate-terminated self

• different functionalities are available, e.g., amino-, carboxylate or sulfonate groups for hydrophilic or alkyl groups and fluorine atoms for hydrophobic modifications. The properties of these functional groups control the interaction with ZnO. In the case of a template with polar functionality

• zeta potential of SAMs with COOH- and SO3H-functional groups in dependence on the pH [40]. They found that the sulfonate SAM is more negatively charged (−115 mV) compared to the carboxylate one (−75 mV) at a pH of 9, which corresponds to the pH of the mineralization solution used in this study. This

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• has been demonstrated that the interaction between proteins and citrate-stabilized AuNPs occurs through a mechanism involving carboxylate–ammonium interactions established between citrate and lysine or histidine amino groups on the protein surface. The mechanism also includes contributions from steric

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• filtrate was coded as NPT1a and the sample retained by filter was coded NPT1b and these were further characterized separately (Table 1). In the IR spectrum of NPT1a (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2), the bands at 1634 and 1435 cm−1 assigned to νas,s(COO−) carboxylate groups can be found; these are

• the simple calcination procedure, it was found that using iron or iron/chromium carboxylate clusters, polydisperse nanoparticles of ≈200 nm are obtained, while using an iron precursor with silicone ligand, iron oxide–silica hybrid nanoparticles of just ≈30 nm in diameter can be prepared. It has been

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• gold–magnetic NPs with streptavidin; and (3) P1 immobilization onto the NPs. First, in order to carboxylate the gold–magnetic NPs, 100 mg of these particles were added to 1 mL ethanol solution of 20 mM MUA and incubated overnight after 1 h of sonication. Second, streptavidin was covalently immobilized

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• nm), the interslab available for the PAA49-CTPPA corresponds to 0.6 nm, and indicates an orientation of the macromolecules as a monolayer with the carboxylate groups interacting with the positive adjacent inorganic layers (Figure 3a). The intercalation of P(AA-stat-BA)-CTPPA copolymers led to a

• with a bilayer arrangement of the copolymers. The two most intense peaks are due to the hydroxide layers containing Mg/Al cations. The carboxylate groups from the AA units and the end group of CTPPA would cause maxima at the outer parts of the interlayer space at a distance of ≈0.39 nm from the center

• of the hydroxide layers which is consistent with hydrogen bond interactions between carboxylate and OH groups: C–O· · ·HO–Mg/Al. The second maximum at a distance of ≈0.44 nm from the latter is attributed to both the carboxylate groups in BA units and the thiopropylsulfanyl groups that would be

In situ formation of reduced graphene oxide structures in ceria by combined sol–gel and solvothermal processing

• Jingxia Yang,
• Johannes Ofner,
• Bernhard Lendl and
• Ulrich Schubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1815–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.174

• alkoxide or carboxylate groups were identified [18]. Graphene-like structures, however, were never mentioned. Experimental Synthesis of rGO-modified CeO2 The procedure for the preparation of the ceria–rGO composites was the same as previously reported for that of pure ceria [17] (or Co3O4-modified CeO2 [19

3D printing of mineral–polymer bone substitutes based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate

• Aleksey A. Egorov,
• Alexander Yu. Fedotov,
• Anton V. Mironov,
• Vladimir S. Komlev,
• Vladimir K. Popov and
• Yury V. Zobkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1794–1799, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.172

• the carboxylate group of alginate. This physical bonding translates to mixtures that are rich in electronic pairs leading to a higher reactivity and mineralization potential that can be transformed into composite materials [13]. According to X-ray diffraction data, synthesis in the presence of

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• carboxylate groups, was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent. They studied the influence of gum particle size, gum concentration, AgNO3 concentration and reaction time on the synthesis of Ag NPs and found that by increasing the concentrations of gum and AgNO3, the efficiency of NP production is enhanced

• stabilizing agent for the synthesis of spherical Ag NPs from AgNO3. They observed that by increasing reaction time, the efficiency of NP synthesis increases and it is attributed to the higher reduction capacity of the gum. They concluded that hydroxyl and carboxylate groups of the gum help the complexation of

• carboxylate ion groups [84]. Noruzi et al. used the aqueous extract of rose petals as reducing agent for production of HAuCl4 to Au NPs within 5 min at room temperature and investigated the effects of concentrations of Au precursor and extract. Their TEM micrographs and XRD patterns showed that the

Surfactant-controlled composition and crystal structure of manganese(II) sulfide nanocrystals prepared by solvothermal synthesis

• Elena Capetti,
• Anna M. Ferretti,
• Vladimiro Dal Santo and
• Alessandro Ponti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2319–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.238

• mixture when the molar amount of S and L were equal. Pure MnO NCs were prepared when the amount of S was lower than that of L. Conversely, when the amount of S was higher than L, the reaction yielded pure α-MnS NCs. In the case of Mn carboxylate precursors, the free surfactant was the corresponding

• carboxylic acid, i.e., OlAc for Mn(OH)Ol or MnOl2 and StAc for MnSt2. We again found that, in general, pure α-MnS NCs were obtained in sulfur-rich reactions and pure MnO NCs in surfactant-rich reactions. Reactions involving carboxylate precursors carried out using high S/Mn and L/Mn ratios often did not

• comprises both amine and carboxylic acid surfactants, otherwise α-MnS NCs are formed. Whether the carboxylic acid is present as free surfactant or as carboxylate ligand within the Mn precursor is irrelevant to the crystal structure of the resulting NCs. ATR-IR spectroscopy of MnS NCs The attenuated total

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• electrostatic forces due to the PLGA carboxylate groups at the NP surface, and the surfactant behavior that also plays a crucial role in maintaining nanosuspension stabilization. During particle formation, the Pluronic®F127 is adsorbed onto the NP surface, providing steric and thermodynamic stabilization

Electrical characterization of single molecule and Langmuir–Blodgett monomolecular films of a pyridine-terminated oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivative

• Henrry M. Osorio,
• Santiago Martín,
• María Carmen López,
• Santiago Marqués-González,
• Simon J. Higgins,
• Richard J. Nichols,
• Paul J. Low and
• Pilar Cea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1145–1157, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.116

• pseudolinear (ohmic) region of the I–V curves. This value is higher than that of the conductance values of LB films of phenylene-ethynylene derivatives contacted by amines, thiols, carboxylate, trimethylsilylethynyl or acetylide groups. In addition, the single molecule I–V curve of 1 determined using the I(s

• other LB films), the conductance value for compound 1 is 3–20 times greater than for LB films of other oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) (OPE) derivatives bearing anchoring groups such as thiol (–SH), amine (–NH2), carboxylate (–COO−), trimethylsilylethynyl (–C≡CSiMe3) or acetylide (–C≡C) [23][24][30][45

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• the ε-amino group of lysine with succinic anhydride, Treuel et al. [4], turned these positively charged groups into negatively charged carboxylate functions, obtaining succinylated HSA (HSAsuc). In addition to the surface charge distribution, this succinylation changed the overall zeta potential of

• , carboxylate, unmodified), they were able to provide insights into the consequences of these factors for corona composition and dynamics. They demonstrated in their study that coronas were formed very rapidly, and showed an unexpected complexity regarding composition and dynamics on all of the NPs under

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• fabricated NPs was 150 ± 10 nm as observed by TEM studies. The cubic spinel structure of Fe3O4 NPs was confirmed by XRD. The presence of the BDA linker was proved by observing SiO2/Fe3O4/BDA/Ln3+ complex by Raman spectroscopy which showed a prominent peak at 1306 cm−1 due to the stretching of carboxylate

Pulmonary surfactant augments cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: Studies on an in vitro air–blood barrier model

• Jennifer Y. Kasper,
• Lisa Feiden,
• Maria I. Hermanns,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Michael Maskos,
• Ronald E. Unger and
• C. James Kirkpatrick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 517–528, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.54

• . Furthermore, different surface functionalisations (plain-unmodified, amino, carboxylate) of the aSNPs were compared in order to study the impact of chemical surface properties on aSNP cytotoxicity in combination with lung surfactant. The alveolar epithelial cell line A549 was used in mono- and in coculture

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• functionalization The functionalization of TCNSs is a proven, effective method to coat the exterior [8][76][77] or interior [78] surface with metal particles. This method produces TCNSs with a single-atom-thick layer (plus the functional group, typically a carboxylate group) of metal particles. It has been utilised

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• by electrochemical [10][11] or electroless deposition [12][13]. Transport processes in narrow nanochannels are strongly affected by the surface characteristics of these channels. In the case of etched polycarbonate, carboxylate groups (–COO−) are present at the surface [14]. Specific channel

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• groups from carboxylated CNTs. In this case, the solubility of the nanocarrier increases with an increase in pH value [24], resulting in more carboxylate anions (–COO−) produced in pH 7.4 as compared to pH 4.8. In addition, the different release mechanisms of LD at different pH levels could be also due

Chemoselective silicification of synthetic peptides and polyamines

• Maryna Abacilar,
• Fabian Daus and
• Armin Geyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.10

• simultaneously cleaved from the resin. This peptide bears an additional cationic charge instead of the unproductive C-terminal carboxylate, which would be obtained from traditional solid-phase peptide synthesis. CTC-resin has a double function here because it acts as a protecting group and as a solid support

Coating with luminal gut-constituents alters adherence of nanoparticles to intestinal epithelial cells

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Katrin Ramaker and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2308–2315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.239

• 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 10% CO2 and the medium was changed every 2–3 days. Nanoparticles Carboxylate-modified polystyrene NPs 24 ± 4.0, 100 ± 6.0 and 210 ± 10 nm in size (in this study referred to as 20, 100 and 200 nm) were purchased from Life Technologies (Invitrogen Molecular

The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Thorsten Krause,
• Sabine Koelling,
• Ingmar Lautenschläger and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2092–2101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.218

• translocation events, and in light of the huge dilution which the particles were prone to undergo if reaching the vascular system, we decided to use high doses of NPs and to instill them into the gut lumen as a highly concentrated bolus. As anthropogenic model NPs we chose fluorescent, carboxylate

• determined. Nanoparticle quantitation Fluorescent, carboxylate-modified polystyrene NPs (FluoSpheres®, Table 1) were purchased from Invitrogen (via Life Technologies; Darmstadt, Germany). The fluorescence of the 20 nm and 200 nm NPs was directly measured in suspensions (standards and samples) by using a

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• using large, defect rich CNOs, synthesized from wood waste, for imaging the life cycle of D. melanogaster (Figure 5) [17]. The authors claim that solubility in water was achieved by the presence of a large number of carboxylate groups on the CNO surface that originate from the production process. These

• carboxylate functional groups, together with the defective nature of the CNOs, also led to the observed fluorescence emission in the visible and NIR, which was imposed by spontaneous surface passivation and quantum confinement and allowed for multicolor biological imaging. The specimens were fed with

Real-time monitoring of calcium carbonate and cationic peptide deposition on carboxylate-SAM using a microfluidic SAW biosensor

• Anna Pohl and
• Ingrid M. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1823–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.193

• the interaction of calcium carbonate with standard carboxylate self-assembled monolayer sensor chips. Different fluids, with and without biomolecular components, were investigated. The pH-dependent surface interactions of two bio-inspired cationic peptides, AS8 and ES9, which are similar to an

• minerals in biomineralization processes. Acidic macromolecules comprise a significant fraction of the organic matrix of many mollusc shells [43][44][45], therefore a carboxylate-terminated self-assembled monolayer (COO-SAM) sensor chip was used to investigate under which conditions interactions related to

• organic biomolecules and calcium carbonate in the presence of carboxylate surfaces could be reproducibly quantified in real-time assays. Here, we report a case study with calcium carbonate, both in pure aqueous systems and in the presence of citric acid. We also investigated the two cationic peptides ES9

Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages

• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Benjamin Michen,
• Fabian Blank,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174

• were grown to confluence for 7 days prior to exposure experiments and J774A.1 cells for 1 day and allowed to adhere prior to use. Particle characterization and exposure The commercially available carboxylate Fluoresbrite™ plain yellow green (cataloged as 1 µm hydrodynamic diameter) and red (cataloged

• used to test inhibition of caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Ctx-b was dissolved in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) containing 1% NaN3 and diluted to a final concentration of 0.6 μg/mL 1× PBS (pH 7.4) in RPMI prior to use. To test macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, 1 µm carboxylate modified