Nanofibers for drug delivery – incorporation and release of model molecules, influence of molecular weight and polymer structure

• Jakub Hrib,
• Jakub Sirc,
• Radka Hobzova,
• Zuzana Hampejsova,
• Zuzana Bosakova,
• Marcela Munzarova and
• Jiri Michalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.198

• experiments were made (Figure 6). No significant changes in structure compared to starting material are apparent suggesting that the thermal crosslinking of the PVA fibers during the preparation ensures sufficient stability of the fibrous structure during the immersion into the water. Therefore, it can be

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• ) ester-mediated crosslinking with lysine primary amines, yielding amide bonds. (c) Mineralization-affecting peptides were conjugated to the maleimide-activated SM(PEG)4 linker portion via the sulfhydryl groups of their terminal cysteine residues, yielding stable thioether linkages. The resulting

Multifunctional layered magnetic composites

• Maria Siglreitmeier,
• Baohu Wu,
• Tina Kollmann,
• Martin Neubauer,
• Gergely Nagy,
• Dietmar Schwahn,
• Vitaliy Pipich,
• Damien Faivre,
• Dirk Zahn,
• Andreas Fery and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 134–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.13

• about Rg = 0.58 μm. At larger Q (>0.1 nm−1) scattering is determined from individual magnetite nanoparticles of Rg 7.9 nm showing a Q−3 power law indicating a mass fractal structure (a structure containing branching and crosslinking to form a 3D network). The diameter D of the magnetite particles can

• ., the stiffness or mechanical resistance of the gels is enhanced. This increase can be explained by the strengthening of the gelatin network by the rigid nanoparticles. These have been shown to interact with the amide bonds along the gelatin backbone [48] and might give rise to additional crosslinking

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• higher conductivity but also retains the acid better during fuel cell operation [34]. The doping time required to achieve a uniform acid distribution depends on the properties of the polymer defined by the production process, for example, crystallinity, degree of crosslinking, and solvent residues. But

Nanoencapsulation of ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide into human serum albumin nanoparticles

• Matthias G. Wacker,
• Mahmut Altinok,
• Stephan Urfels and
• Johann Bauer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2259–2266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.235

• observations in TEM HSA nanoparticles were chemically stabilized by using the theoretical amount of glutaraldehyde corresponding to a crosslinking of 100% of the 60 amino groups in the HSA molecule. By this, HSA nanoparticles with transparent appearance (grey) in the TEM were generated. Iron core particles of

• ethanol at a rate of 1.5 mL/min under permanent stirring (550 rpm). Afterwards, a volume of aqueous glutaraldehyde solution 8% [v/v] corresponding to between 100% and 600% of stoichiometric crosslinking of the amino groups in 50 mg HSA was added to stabilize the resulting protein nanoparticles. Particles

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• , different crosslinking densities can be realized and the formation of systems with core–shell architecture is possible. By introducing monomers with functional groups, each of the structural elements (core, shell or one of multiple shells) can be functionalized independently [66][67][68]. The addition of a

Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages

• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Benjamin Michen,
• Fabian Blank,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174

• ]. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC), a competitive inhibitor, blocks the enzyme transglutaminase 2, which is necessary for receptor crosslinking in the region of clathrin-coated pits [31][39][40]. Furthermore, chlorpromazine and MDC are specific in inhibiting the uptake of the serum protein transferrin [41]. Consequently

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

• the GL titanicones than those based on EG, with values of about 30.6 GPa and about 2.6 GPa, respectively. The films were also more thermally stable than the EG-based counterparts, probably due to crosslinking in the structure [53]. Hexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol (HDD) has been combined together with DEZ and

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• superior efficacy and improved drug delivery, it is assumed that DOX has to detach in order to maintain the functionality of its mechanism of action. The mechanism of action for DOX involves the crosslinking of DNA, inhibiting DNA replication. In release studies (not shown), 85% of DOX was retained to the

Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions

• Seonki Hong,
• Hyukjin Lee and
• Haeshin Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 887–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.101

• derivatives, PEG-NH-catechols that can utilize an expanded spectrum of catecholamine chemistry. The PEGs enable simultaneous participation of amine and catechol in quinone tanning crosslinking. The intermolecular reaction between PEG-NH-catechols forms a dramatic nano-scale junction resulting in enhancement

• of gelation kinetics and mechanical properties of PEG hydrogels compared to results obtained by using PEGs in the absence of amine groups. Therefore, the study provides new insight into designing new crosslinking chemistry for controlling nano-scale chemical reactions that can broaden unique

• -mineralized knife for capturing prey. However, despite such differences in biological function, the molecular basis for the formation of the beaks, the cuticles, and the adhesives is similar. The process is called quinone tanning, which is defined by chemical crosslinking of proteins by a variety of reactive

Classical molecular dynamics investigations of biphenyl-based carbon nanomembranes

• Andreas Mrugalla and
• Jürgen Schnack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.98

• that form from highly excited randomized self-assembled monolayers. This suggests that the electron exposition (dose, time, energy) as well as the cooling dynamics play an important role for the actual structure. To mention just one aspect: In the real crosslinking process hydrogens are removed one by

• another in the course of time which could induce correlations for possible crosslinking pathways, namely where two hydrogens are removed at nearby sites [17]. Or is this not important and one can start the simulation – as we did – with hydrogen-free initial configurations? Our investigation is only a

Fabrication of carbon nanomembranes by helium ion beam lithography

• Xianghui Zhang,
• Henning Vieker,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 188–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.20

• employed HIM both as a nanofabrication tool to cross-link SAMs and as an imaging tool for the ex situ observation of the crosslinking process. As regards the nanofabrication, both supported and freestanding CNMs were fabricated by transferring them onto a silicon substrate and a transmission electron

• microscopy (TEM) grid, respectively. As regards the investigation of the crosslinking process, the helium ion beam was programmed to irradiate NBPT SAMs with a series of different doses. The separation of cross-linked and non-cross-linked SAMs was conducted by transferring them onto a Si substrate with an

• noticeable that the CNM has many tiny holes, indicating that the crosslinking is not complete at this dose. Figure 2c and Figure 2d show the HIM micrographs of a CNM with an irradiation dose of ca. 1000 µC/cm2. The CNM shows homogeneous features and no pores are visible here, which indicates a complete

Dynamic nanoindentation by instrumented nanoindentation and force microscopy: a comparative review

• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Estelle Kalfon-Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 815–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.93

• crosslinking density and chemical surface modifications [80][107][108][109]. The viscoelastic response has been studied both through hysteresis in the loading–unloading portion of the curve [110][111], and in the adhesive pull-off segment [80][109]. Analyzing the results in this fashion allows one to

Novel composite Zr/PBI-O-PhT membranes for HT-PEFC applications

• Mikhail S. Kondratenko,
• Igor I. Ponomarev,
• Marat O. Gallyamov,
• Dmitry Y. Razorenov,
• Yulia A. Volkova,
• Elena P. Kharitonova and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 481–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.57

• amounts of added Zr were prepared. It was shown in a model reaction between zirconium acetylacetonate (Zr(acac)4) and benzimidazole (BI) that Zr-atoms are capable to form chemical bonds with BI. Thus, Zr may be used as a crosslinking agent for PBI membranes. The obtained Zr/PBI-O-PhT composite membranes

• reduced conductivity due to an excessively high degree of crosslinking. Keywords: composite; high temperature polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFC); impedance spectroscopy; polybenzimidazole (PBI); zirconium; Introduction Polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) based on polybenzimidazole (PBI

• optimal structure of the functional filler inside the PBI matrix, i.e., a well-developed proton-conducting channel system if solid proton conductors are added, or a durable polymer frame, e.g., for ionic crosslinking by polymer sulfonic acids. In the present work we propose an alternative approach to the

Mechanical characterization of carbon nanomembranes from self-assembled monolayers

• Xianghui Zhang,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 826–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.92

•  nm that are fabricated by electron-induced crosslinking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). A novel type of in situ bulge test employing an atomic force microscope (AFM) is utilized to investigate their mechanical properties. A series of biphenyl-based molecules with different types of