Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• . As a release of cytokines could not be detected with ELISA we assume that this is a transient and acute effect, which decreases to normal levels within a short time. Dependent on how NPs are applied, i.e., either by submerged or ALI conditions, different toxicological results can be obtained [60

• proliferation and migration (chemotaxis) both decreased, and the release of cytokines was affected. Increased IL-8 and decreased IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were detected at high Ag NP concentrations [65]. These studies however, were obtained with human mesenchymal stem cells

Biocalcite, a multifunctional inorganic polymer: Building block for calcareous sponge spicules and bioseed for the synthesis of calcium phosphate-based bone

• Xiaohong Wang,
• Heinz C. Schröder and
• Werner E. G. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 610–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.72

• HA and HA resorption by osteoclasts and osteoblasts in bone tissue are controlled by a network of cytokines and growth factors. The receptor activator of NF-KB (RANK) and its ligand, receptor activator of NF-KB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) play a key function in regulation of bone

• scaffold must possess the inorganic/organic 3D structure of bone and an appropriate porosity [69] that allows the ingrowth of cells and an efficient transport of cytokines, growth factors, and nutrients. To avoid necrosis within larger implants, a suitable scaffold must also allow an efficient

Cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles after intratracheal instillation in rats

• Nadine Haberl,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Alexander Wenk,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling and
• Carsten Schleh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 933–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.105

• neutrophil numbers (60-fold) of BALF. Furthermore, while there was no change in BALF cytokine levels after the instillation of 50 µg PVP-AgNP, instillation of 250 µg PVP-AgNP resulted in significantly increased levels of seven out of eleven measured cytokines. These finding suggest that exposure to inhaled

• protein levels (Figure 5). Cytokine levels in BALF To assess the proinflammatory effects of PVP-AgNP, we determined the BALF levels of several cytokines and chemokines after intratracheal instillation. Macrophage activators such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70 act as proinflammatory cytokines. Figure

•  6A shows that the instillation of 250 µg PVP-AgNP caused an increase in the BALF levels of all four cytokines as compared to controls that was significant for IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70. TNF-α, another proinflammatory cytokine, was not detectable in BALF. Similarly, significantly elevated levels of