Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• and co-workers [99] studied the electrochemical behaviour of reduced graphene sheet films as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) sensors, while Kim and colleagues [100] and Sun and colleagues [101] studied graphene/Pt-based sensors for the detection of dopamine, and uric and ascorbic acids. The

• same microelectrodes were also employed to electrically stimulate and record neuronal activity, as well as to detect low concentrated amounts of dopamine. To overcome the problems related to spatial resolution and S/N, more recently Gerwig et al. [115] developed a PEDOT–CNT composite that combined the

Synthesis of hydrophobic photoluminescent carbon nanodots by using L-tyrosine and citric acid through a thermal oxidation route

• Venkatesh Gude

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1513–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.164

• candidates to replace the hydrophobic fluorescent probes because they are resistant to photobleaching and exhibit strong fluorescence [33]. Excellent fluorescent probes based on CNDs were fabricated for a highly sensitive and selective detection of DNA molecules [24], Cu2+ ions [25] and dopamine [26]. The

Hydrophobic interaction governs unspecific adhesion of staphylococci: a single cell force spectroscopy study

• Nicolas Thewes,
• Peter Loskill,
• Philipp Jung,
• Henrik Peisker,
• Markus Bischoff,
• Mathias Herrmann and
• Karin Jacobs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1501–1512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.163

• , MA, USA) with a nominal spring constant of 0.03 N/m. After the cantilevers were cleaned in an air plasma, they were vertically immersed into a solution of 4 mg/mL dopamine hydrochloride (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) in 10 mM TRIS-buffer (pH 7.9 at 22 °C) and kept at 4 °C in the fridge for 50 min. The

• cantilevers were then carefully rinsed in deionized water to remove unbound dopamine and dried under a laminar flow bench for at least one hour. The poly(dopamine)-covered cantilever was then inserted into the Bioscope Catalyst cantilever holder for measurements in liquids (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA

• additionally be combined with genetic tools that enable us to specifically modify the composition of the cell-wall proteins. That way, the responsible adhesins can be identified for each of the bacterial species. Optical image of a single S. carnosus bacterium immobilized by (poly)dopamine on a tipless

Nanocavity crossbar arrays for parallel electrochemical sensing on a chip

• Enno Kätelhön,
• Dirk Mayer,
• Marko Banzet,
• Andreas Offenhäusser and
• Bernhard Wolfrum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1137–1143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.124

• , will be advantageous for electrochemical imaging methods and electrochemical biological assays. Particularly, one may expect that the detection or mapping of neutrotransmitter secretion (such as the redox-active molecule dopamine [13]) in neuronal networks will be one of the most interesting

Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions

• Seonki Hong,
• Hyukjin Lee and
• Haeshin Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 887–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.101

• strategies for the functionalization of virtually any material surfaces by using synthetic catecholamine polymers such as poly(dopamine) [12], poly(norepinephrine) [13], and poly(ethylenimine)-catechol [14]. The surfaces modified by those catecholamines exhibited a variety of functionalities such as protein

• catechol was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy at 280 nm. The UV–vis intensity of catechol modified polymer was calculated to the contents of catechol by using the standard curve made by the known concentration of dopamine solution versus the UV–vis intensity, demonstrating that all terminal amine groups

A catechol biosensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers

• Dawei Li,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Lei Luo,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 346–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.39

• /CNFs showed excellent electrocatalytic activities towards dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) [26]. NiCF-paste (NiCFP) electrodes displayed excellent electrocatalytic capacity for the oxidation of glucose [27]. These works indicate that electrospun CNFs (ECNFs) harbor excellent

Structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of flower-like ZnO nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Neha Bhardwaj,
• Jaspal Singh,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 763–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.87

• ], gas sensors [29][30], clean energy applications [31] and UV detection [32]. Xia et al. [12] synthesized nanostructured ZnO flowers made up of bundled nanochains that could detect dopamine in the presence of L-ascorbic acid with high sensitivity and selectivity. Flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures were

Magnetic-Fe/Fe₃O₄-nanoparticle-bound SN38 as carboxylesterase-cleavable prodrug for the delivery to tumors within monocytes/macrophages

• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Raj K. Dani,
• Gwi-Moon Seo,
• Sivasai Balivada,
• Marla M. Pyle,
• Heidy Prock,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Ping Li,
• Viktor Chikan,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 444–455, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.51

• nanoparticles are functionalized with dopamine–oligoethylene glycol ligands, which make the nanoparticles both water-soluble and biocompatible. SN38 is covalently bound to the “tip” of the ligands by means of a carboxylesterase-cleavable linker. The nanoplatform can be loaded into double-stable RAW264.7

• chosen [29]. Experimental Materials SN38 was purchased from Qventas (Newark, DE). Dopamine hydrochloride, Boc anhydride, benzyl bromide, trifluoroacetic acid, succinic acid anhydride, tetraethylene glycol, 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid, EDC, DMAP, CDI, Fe(CO)5, oleylamine, ODE, hexadecylamine, fetal bovine

• functionalization of the core/shell Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles were washed with hexane and ethanol, collected by centrifugation, and dried under high vacuum for further use in this study. Synthesis of a hydrophilic dopamine-anchored InCE-cleavable linker between SN38 and Fe/Fe3O4 magnetic

Glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the determination of ascorbic acid by square-wave voltammetry

• Sushil Kumar and
• Victoria Vicente-Beckett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 388–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.45

• insoluble particles on electrode surfaces as well as to protect the electrode from fouling during electrochemical studies, thus improving the performance of the modified electrode [16][17][18]. Multiwalled CNT (MWCNT)-modified GCEs exhibited signals enhanced by about five-fold in the detection of dopamine

Magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical NMR-based diagnostics

• Huilin Shao,
• Tae-Jong Yoon,
• Monty Liong,
• Ralph Weissleder and
• Hakho Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 142–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.17

• sequences produced by hTERT activity [54]. More recently, myeloperoxidase (MPO) sensors were generated by attaching phenol-containing molecules, such as dopamine or serotonin, to CLIO nanoparticles [41]. In the presence of peroxidase activity, tyroxyl radicals were formed to cross-link the nanoparticles

Electrochemical behavior of dye-linked L-proline dehydrogenase on glassy carbon electrodes modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

• Haitao Zheng,
• Leyi Lin,
• Yosuke Okezaki,
• Ryushi Kawakami,
• Haruhiko Sakuraba,
• Toshihisa Ohshima,
• Keiichi Takagi and
• Shin-ichiro Suye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 135–141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.16

• mechanical and electrochemical properties [13][14], CNTs can mediate the electron transfer between an electrode and a number of electroactive substances such as hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid and dopamine, and accelerate surface electrochemical reactions [15]. Direct electron transfer between the active