Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• ; the incorporation of specific chemical groups or materials enables synergistic effects that can impart electronic, magnetic, catalytic, fluorescent, or optical functionalities, thereby improving performance and expanding applications into more specialized fields. Today, cellulose and its derivatives

• , tunable performance, and strong biocompatibility, which collectively make them an excellent base material for wearable electronic devices [76][77]. Traditional hydrogels mainly contain water; water molecules form extensive hydrogen bonds that unfortunately lower the material’s resistance to cold

• significantly enhance the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices [84]. Researchers have recently developed CNC network structures as versatile substrates for catalytic reactions, including reduction, oxidation, and coupling processes, and one of their key advantages lies in the ability to form

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• in the creation of new electronic states in the bandgap, demonstrating that the electron is driven at lower photon energy by a defective state of CB. Additionally, with the addition of Ag, an additional component in the broad band could be noticed in Figure 7a, and it could be associated with Ag

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

• , characterized by band discontinuities or polarization barriers. Its primary role is to modulate the local potential distribution and establish a stable BEF. In materials such as perovskites, which are mixed ionic–electronic conductors, the junction not only determines the driving force for carrier separation

• mainly due to the electronic compensation effect of the vertical Ge2+ gradient on Sn vacancies, which prevents the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and minimizes deep-level defects. Additionally, the GE-I framework prevents ion migration and strain accumulation, suppressing failure from Sn vacancy diffusion and

• precise control over electronic properties and band alignment. However, conventional large-molecule incorporation methods often result in disordered vertical distribution of the 2D/3D phases and interfacial disorder, thereby weakening the formation of the BEF [75][76]. Long et al. [77] proposed a pre

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

• Gautier Creutzer,
• Quentin Fernez,
• Nataliya Kalashnyk,
• Zohreh Safarzadeh,
• Lydia Sosa Vargas,
• Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert,
• Nicolas Fabre and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 576–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.39

• a promising route to design original and innovative electronic devices [1] such as diodes [2][3], transistors [4][5][6], photodetectors [7][8], solar cells [9][10][11], or light-emitting devices [12]. In such heterostructures most electronic processes take place at the interface between graphene and

• is thus important to develop a deep understanding about how to control the organization of π-conjugated molecules that are in contact with graphene and how this organization impacts their electronic excitations. In this context, porphyrins, phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their metalated complexes (MPcs

• fundamental research on organic semiconductors. The flexibility offered by the choice of the coordinated central metal cation permits to vary their electronic, photonic, and spin-related properties. It also influences their stacking geometry, in particular as a result of the change in relative stability of

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• into the semiconductor matrix. The incorporation of co-dopants results in the formation of heterostructures with different electronic structures compared to the TiO2 structure, which promotes charge separation and visible light absorption [6]. The incorporation of two types of cations into the TiO2

• could be balanced by the doping levels in TiO6 octahedra [3]. Mo6+ is a transition metal ion with high valence that exhibits exceptional optical, electronic, and catalytic characteristics [12]. There are a few reports about the doping of TiO2 with molybdenum [13][14][15][16]; it has been shown that Mo

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• residual oxygen-containing functional groups on rGO. Chromium (Cr), the metal center of MIL-101, is detected at 20.72 wt % (6.66 atom %), confirming the successful introduction of the MIL-101 framework (Figure 2). The chemical composition and electronic states of the MIL-101/rGO composite were investigated

Fractional shot noise of an SU(N) Kondo system

• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 515–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.34

• temperature evolution of Kondo peaks provide this information [57]. Although some information about correlations is hidden in the renormalization of transmission, a deeper insight into the correlations of electronic wave functions can be obtained from the shot noise; therefore, we especially focus in this

Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• interpreting line shape asymmetries and peak shifts that are frequently observed but often overlooked in resonant Auger measurements. We show that the strongly enhanced PCI in the samples with one or three double layers can be attributed to reduced collective electronic screening. This comprehensive

• experimental approach enables the simultaneous observation of collective electronic properties and atom-specific dynamics within in a single measurement under identical sample conditions, an advance particularly valuable for complex, sensitive materials. Keywords: core-hole clock; nanoparticles; post

• -collision-interaction; quantum dots; resonant Auger spectroscopy; Introduction The interplay of electron localization, itinerance, and charge transfer is essential to functional nanoparticles and quantum dots (QDs) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In terms of electronic structure properties, materials on the nanoscale

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• materials GO and rGO. This spectroscopy technique provides initial insights into the electronic structure and degree of conjugation of the samples. Typically, the UV–vis absorption spectrum of GO exhibits two characteristic features, namely, a main absorption band in the 230–270 nm region, attributed to the

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• to the interaction with the environment, for example, because of oxidation. The imperfections have a strong influence on the electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of 2D materials [2][3]. They normally deteriorate the characteristics; but they can also be beneficial, for example, in

• networks [46][47][48]; it can be further extended to reacting with heteroatoms to introduce electronic dopants, magnetic impurities, and catalytic sites, as well as to add other functionalities [43][49][50]. However, challenges remain to have reliable predictions for the outcome of the reaction and to go

• ), reducing the likelihood of O2 reactions with these defect sites. Reactivity is also highly site-specific and controlled by the local coordination and electronic structure of surface W atoms. The effective charge of W is affected by the number of surrounding vacancies. W atoms surrounded by three or more S

First-principles study on elastic properties of Cu, (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn and interfacial mechanical properties of (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn/Cu in the lead-free solder joint

• Guomin Hua

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 428–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.29

• alloying strategies to meet the requirements for electronic device miniaturization and harsh environmental applications. Keywords: ductility; elastic modulus; interfacial toughness; lead-free solder; work of adhesion; Introduction Due its toxicity, lead has caused serious problems in human health and

• environmental pollution; thus, the use of lead-containing solder in electronic device packaging has been restricted by legislation [1]. In the last few decades, aiming to replace lead-containing solders, great efforts have been dedicated to develop lead-free solder with respect to cost-effectiveness

• received considerable attention, and the Sn-Ag-Cu ternary alloy is considered as a promising candidate to substitute conventional lead-containing solder alloys [7]. Driven by the miniaturization of electronic devices and their widespread application in harsh environments such as high temperature and high

Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• questions including the prediction of (nano)materials (NM) functionality, nanomaterials fate in the environment, toxicity or therapeutic ability, and recyclability. As the properties of nanomaterials themselves span several scales, from electronic, atomistic, mesoscopic to continuum, and are highly dynamic

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• and avoiding nonlinear optical effects [17]. Upon reaching the target, the laser pulse induces rapid electronic excitation, leading to the injection of electrons into the surrounding liquid, within the first few picoseconds, from 1 to 20 ps [18]. This triggers the formation of a dense plasma composed

Calculation of the dynamic stiffness of a cantilever under torsional oscillation

• Keita Nishida,
• Yuuki Yasui and
• Yoshiaki Sugimoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 303–308, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.21

• with small stiffness and provides exceptional sensitivity to conservative and dissipative forces owing to the small stiffness [2][9][10][11]. Non-contact friction measurements with pendulum AFM on a Nb film across the superconducting transition indicate that friction is electronic in the metallic state

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• strongly depend on the microscopic properties of the superconductor and on the degree of electronic disorder [1]. In this context, NbRe has emerged as a promising material that exhibits exceptionally fast vortex dynamics [19]. Extensive structural characterizations performed by X-ray diffraction have shown

• , characterized by a homogeneous vortex motion, the instability voltage allows one to quantify the critical vortex velocity using the relation v* = V*/(μ0HL) [5][9] and then, using Equation 1, to calculate the relaxation time τE and estimate the lifetimes of electronic excitations in superconductors. S/N and S/F

• derived for single-layer superconducting films, whereas, in the present study, the microbridges are bilayer structures. As a result, the calculated parameters do not fully account for proximity-induced modifications of the electronic properties. Current–voltage characteristics and critical currents Figure

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• implemented through a dual-pass technique or by controlling the electronic and ionic contributions to the total current [17][18]. While dynamic mode LAO does not eliminate tip wear [19], it significantly reduces its impact. As new materials continue to emerge in the field of nanotechnology, this review also

• authors agree with an oxidation kinetic consistent with the Cabrera–Mott model [44][45]. As an electrochemical process, LAO is inherently current-dependent. Early studies showed that oxide growth evolves from an initial electronic tunneling regime to ionic transport as the film develops [46]. Dagata and

• . Additionally, the stability and integration of SiO2 within semiconductor workflows make it a reliable choice for robust electronic devices. However, silicon’s limitations include dependence on stringent surface preparation, Si crystal orientation (higher reaction rate on the (111) surface than on the other

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• “smart textiles”, possess a range of properties, including antistatic, UV-blocking, hydrophobic, electronic, thermoregulation, and antimicrobial effects [21][22][23]. One of the simplest way to incorporate nanomaterials into fabrics is by mimicking designs found in nature. It is well known that the

Multilayered hyperbolic Au/TiO₂ nanostructures for enhancing the nonlinear response around the epsilon-near-zero point

• Fernando Arturo Araiza-Sixtos,
• Mauricio Gomez-Robles,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel and
• Raúl Rangel-Rojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 251–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.17

• version of the z-scan technique that allowed us to separate the electronic from the thermal contribution was used. A clear enhancement of the nonlinear response was observed for the sample with an ENZ point around the laser wavelength 800 nm with a nonlinear refractive index of n2 = 0.103 ± 0.006 cm2·GW−1

• number of pulses incident on the sample without modifying the incident peak irradiance. The thermal load to the sample is reduced with the increase of the chopper’s frequency while the electronic contribution to the third order nonlinear response is still excited. In this way, we can resolve the

• electronic and thermal contributions to the response as explained in [24]. We present results that enabled us to determine the thermal nonlinear response due to intrapulse heating. Design and Fabrication of Nanostructured Metal–Dielectric HMM For a multilayer system with layer widths of 10–100 nm, we can

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• catalytic properties of AuNPs stem from their nanoscale size, which increases the surface-to-volume ratio, exposes a higher density of active sites, and induces quantum size effects that modulate the electronic structure [5]. These characteristics collectively enhance their reactivity, selectivity, and

• emerged as stabilizing ligands for nanoparticles offering distinct structural and electronic advantages. They are widely utilized in various catalytic processes, including oxidation, acid–base, and photocatalysis [8][9] POMs have been extensively employed for stabilizing and decorating small metal

• graphene oxide (rGO) as an advanced carbon-based support, which provides unique electronic interactions with gold nanoparticles, and its comparison to AC and BC. The rGO support was not tested in the work by Xia et al. [13] where only activated carbon was used. Strong Au–rGO interfacial coupling should

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• of the material and lead to a step change in terms of high speed [11][12][13], transparent [14] and flexible electronic devices [15], membranes [16][17], and sensors [18][19]. A large amount of work has been dedicated to the optimisation of the growth process to aid in the formation of large area

• of these materials to migrate to the surface of the Cu foil at graphene growth temperatures is demonstrated. This has implications for applications using CVD graphene where the presence of different chemical species could impact on the intended application properties, such as electronic devices or

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• thickness, and thermal treatment conditions. The observed changes in optical properties suggest that this response is governed by temperature-induced modulation of molecular ordering and aggregation state, which in turn alters the electronic transitions responsible for light absorption. Theoretical

Microscopic study of the intermediate mixed state in intertype superconductors

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander V. Kalashnikov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin and
• Alexei Vagov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 57–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.5

• eigenstates, and f(E) is the Fermi–Dirac distribution function. The electron density is kept constant at ne = 0.25 throughout all calculations by adjusting the chemical potential μ. Notice that the system is well away from the resonance at ne = 1 and, at the chosen value, the electronic dispersion is well

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• stability of the cell’s performance was improved with increasing reduction temperature. Changes in structural properties revealed by Raman spectroscopy influenced the electrochemical properties of these materials, probably due to the decreased charge transfer resistance and balanced electronic and ionic

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• , Leoben, Austria 10.3762/bjnano.17.1 Abstract Understanding nanoparticle adhesion to substrates is the key for their stability and performance in many applications, including energy systems, nanofabrication, catalysis, and electronic devices. In this study, we present a methodology for examining adhesion

• various fields such as energy storage [1], electronics [2], and catalysis [3]. These tiny particles, with sizes typically ranging from 1 to 100 nm, have fundamentally different properties compared to their bulk counterparts because of their large surface-to-volume ratio [4], as well as unique electronic

• were plasma-cleaned in a Diener electronic Tetra 30 system at a N2 pressure of 50 Pa for 20 min. Immediately after plasma cleaning, the substrates were loaded in the NP deposition chamber. The NP deposition experiments were conducted using DC magnetron sputter inert gas condensation in a Moorfield

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• electronic 4S3/2→2H11/2 transitions in Er3+ provide optimal sensitivity within the 30–50 °C range, making them highly suitable for biological applications [42]. C. elegans internal temperature measurement After evaluating the 3D temperature sensing capability of UCNPs@lipids, we applied this technique to