Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• efficacy. The application of vinorelbine tartrate is limited because of its dose-related toxicity to the nervous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems and reduced absorption when taken orally [33]. Encapsulation studies specifically aim to create a controlled drug delivery system to reduce existing side

• concentrations. The generated calibration curve was utilized to determine the cumulative drug release and encapsulation efficiency. Equation 6 represents the calibration curve derived from absorbance readings: The entrapment efficiency of VNB onto the polydopamine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (PDA/Fe3O4 NPs

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• urinary obstruction [14]. In another study, PLGA SPIONs could transport chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment and diagnosis [15]. Therefore, the combination of PLGA and SPIONs promises a useful theragnostic system in our study. In addition to the encapsulation of SPIONs in PLGA employed for

• and IR783 are also promising diagnostic choices. Encapsulation of IR780 in nanoparticles can be used for imaging and photothermal, photodynamic, and combinatorial cancer therapies [20][21][22]. IR780 is also utilized in PEG-PLA nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy of human breast cancer cells [23

• particle [25][26]. PLGA is one of the finest materials for transporting chemotherapy drugs. PLGA transports not only hydrophobic but also hydrophilic drugs. The encapsulation of chemotherapeutics in PLGA nanoparticles has been extensively studied. PLGA has been loaded with doxorubicin, for instance, for

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• concentrations (5 mg/L and 25 mg/L) compared to free cymene. This suggests that the encapsulation influences the bioactivity, potentially because of improved dispersion and controlled release of cymene. Similarly, free myrcene exhibited a concentration-dependent efficacy. Myrcene NEs consistently outperformed

• at the tested concentrations. Conclusion The rHLB values for cymene and myrcene were 15 and 16, respectively. These formulations demonstrated good colloidal stability over 60 days with stable values of size, PdI, and zeta potential. In vitro release studies demonstrated that the encapsulation of

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• , lipid nanoparticles, nano- and microemulsions, liposomes, or metallic nanoparticles [68]. Costa-Lima and colleagues incorporated bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaaminooctane (BNIPDaoct) into PLGA polymeric nanoparticles and obtained particles with sizes around 150 nm, with encapsulation efficiency around 90

• ursolic acid (UA) functionalized with N-octyl chitosan. The NLC were approximately 143 nm of the hydrodynamic diameter. The authors also found encapsulation and drug-load efficiencies of 88.63 ± 2.70% and 12.05 ± 0.54%, respectively [70]. They evaluated the antileishmanial potential of the nanosystems

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• recently developed method of encapsulation to produce high-quality submicron albumin particles loaded with riboflavin [28] or doxorubicin [29]. In this work, our aim was to determine the ability of albumin microparticles to load CUR by adsorption and to investigate binding with and release from the

• peaks of HSA-MPs (orange line spectrum) have almost the same characteristic peaks of HSA, including amide I and amide II. Interestingly, the similarity between the absorption peaks of HSA-MPs and CUR-HSA-MPs (red line spectrum) suggests that CUR encapsulation does not significantly alter the protein

• cellular uptake of HSA-MPs and CUR-HSA-MPs. The intrinsic fluorescence of both particle types excited at 488 nm allowed for their visualization, as the fluorescence properties were preserved upon encapsulation (Figure 2E). Quantitative analysis of cellular uptake, performed through flow cytometry, revealed

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• used for the encapsulation of nanoinsecticides [16]. The technique used to improve the insecticidal efficacy is called nanoencapsulation [14]. For this purpose, nanometer-sized active ingredients are filled into a thin-walled sac, so that they can be slowly released throughout the whole process. This

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• HBOCs have been devised. Crosslinking of different Hb chains, polymerization of Hb molecules [16][17][18], surface modification [19], and techniques for encapsulation [20][21] already brought us somewhat closer towards a safe use of HBOCs [22]. However, a persistent problem is the severely limited

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• bioavailability by modifying the absorption, distribution, and elimination of the drug. In this study, BNZ was successfully loaded into nanocarriers composed of myristyl myristate/Crodamol oil/poloxamer 188 prepared by ultrasonication. A stable NLC formulation was obtained, with ≈80% encapsulation efficiency (%EE

• volume of distribution (Vd) of 0.56 L/kg, and reactive products of its metabolism [13]. Such Vd and low permeability values across biological barriers could result in difficulties for BNZ to reach intracellular amastigotes. The encapsulation of BNZ within nanoscale pharmaceutical carriers has been

• delivering active principles [19]. SLNs comprise a lipid core, solid at 25 °C, stabilized by steric effects with a surfactant. The addition of small amounts of a liquid lipid at 25 °C leads to the improvement of SLNs in terms of sustained drug release and encapsulation efficiency (EE%), enabling the

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• across the radial locations. The shield at the outer annulus provides encapsulation of the primary flame and avoids the entrainment of ambient air into the reactant stream, which might lead to the formation of a secondary diffusion flame. Figure 1d indicates temperature uniformity at all HAB values and

• standing flames and temperature distribution of (a,c) diffusion flame and (b,d) premixed flame. Figure 1a was used with permission of Elsevier Science & Technology Journals, from [9] (“Effect of fuel and oxygen concentration toward catalyst encapsulation in water-assisted flame synthesis of carbon

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• bioactivity. Thus, the encapsulation efficiency is improved compared to the approach using a direct contact of cells in a silica matrix. Encapsulated yeast produced ethanol over a period of several days, pointing out the useful biocatalytic potential of the approach and suggesting further optimization of the

• present protocols. Keywords: biohybrids; cell immobilization; encapsulation; microorganism entrapment; silicates; Introduction Bio-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials with highly specific functionalities can be prepared following Nature’s design approaches [1]. A wide range of materials resulting from the

• systems studied during the past decades were based on the encapsulation of enzymes and yeast spores within silica gels for the design of biosensors and bioreactors [9][10][11][12]. Biological entities can be considered themselves excellent examples of self-assembly occurring in nature [13]. Based on these

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• should be biocompatible, preferentially biodegradable, and with the capacity for proper encapsulation and release of the drug payload. It is also desired that the matrix surface contains reactive or charged groups that facilitate functionalization by covalent or electrostatic bonding. Herein, we review

• obtained as an aqueous dispersion, it facilitates surface functionalization and substance encapsulation [23]. Nanoparticles obtained from nanoemulsions are usually a few tens of nanometers in size and are smaller than the nanoemulsion droplets. In one example, the nanoemulsion droplet templates had a

• were obtained upon solvent removal. High colloidal stability (longer than three months without sedimentation), high encapsulation efficiency (>99%), slow drug release (only 15% of the drug after five days), and low cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (cell viability > 80%) were observed. In vivo tests

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• nanoparticles exhibit various effects (e.g., homotypic targeting, prolonging drug circulation, regulating the immune system, and penetrating biological barriers) after encapsulation by cancer cell membranes. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods will also be improved by utilizing the properties

• membranes, provides a new approach to address NP deficiencies [9]. The encapsulation of NPs with cell membranes can endow the NPs with biomimetic functions and replicate the biological characteristics derived from the original cells, such as the immune evasion of erythrocytes [10] and platelets [11] and the

• encapsulation of cancer cell membranes (Figure 4A) [31]. With these features, although NPs encapsulated by a cancer cell membrane are foreign substances, they can still escape the surveillance of the body, thereby resisting phagocytosis by macrophages and prolonging the blood circulation time [20]. The

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• siRNA delivery should generally be positively charged to facilitate siRNA loading by electrostatic interactions. Frequently used traditional polymer materials as nonviral vectors for siRNA encapsulation are polyethyleneimine (PEI), cationic dendrimers, phospholipids, cationic lipids, polysaccharides

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• ) solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs through encapsulation in the cavity. Furthermore, otherwise unstable drugs are protected from degradation for efficient therapeutic functions. Many other roles of CyDs are also evident. Advantageously for DDSs, inclusion complexes of CyDs are reasonably stable to deliver

• , the trans isomer of mAzo on the polymer was efficiently included into the cavity of β-CyD and functioned as gatekeeper of the pores for the stable encapsulation of the drugs. Upon irradiation with green light, however, mAzo switched from the trans form to the cis form to break down the inclusion

• resultant well-organized orientation of functional groups in CyD-based nanoarchitectures, should be very appropriate to yield both stable encapsulation of nucleic acid drugs and their prompt release when needed. 3.1 CyD-based nanoarchitectures for delivery of siRNA The therapeutic nucleic acid siRNA is

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• time, carbon quantum dots were prepared from o-phenylenediamine dissolved in toluene by a solvothermal route. Subsequently, the prepared carbon quantum dots were encapsulated into polyurethane films by a swelling–encapsulation–shrink method. Analyses of the results obtained by different

• synthesis by a solvothermal method. The prepared CQDs were encapsulated into medical grade polyurethane (PU) films by a swelling–encapsulation–shrink method. It was investigated how the precursor influenced the structure (morphology and chemical composition) and further prooxidative, antibacterial, and

• of CQDs with polymer chains. Figure 2c shows the PL intensity of the CQDs/PU composite sample. The PL intensity depends on the excitation wavelength while the PL intensity of neat CQDs showed wavelength-independent behavior. After encapsulation of the CQDs into a polymer matrix, PL emission spectra

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• efficiently encapsulated in the NPs. In addition, SEM micrographs were interpreted to be in accordance with the mean particle size data measured with the dynamic light scattering. Determination of drug loading capacity The rate of drug encapsulation is one of the important characterization parameters that

• affect the efficiency of NPs in the treatment of diseases. Therefore, a reliable and optimized encapsulation is crucial for drug delivery systems. Determining the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) is also the basic method to measure the number of drug molecules entrapped in the

• nanoparticles for experimental studies and dose calculations [45]. EE and DL of DCX-loaded nanoparticle formulations are documented in Table 2. The EE values of DCX-PLGA and CS/DCX-PLGA were 46.18% and 69.04%, respectively (p < 0.05). CS as a coating material led to an increase in encapsulation efficiency of

Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials

• Arbresha Muriqi and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103

• organic–inorganic hybrid films for applications in several technological application areas, including packaging/encapsulation, electronics, batteries and biomedical applications [1][2][3][4]. MLD is very similar to the widely used atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, which involves the fabrication of

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• coordination polymer shells, flow syntheses have been used recently [107][108]. The encapsulation of networks can help to regulate the properties of monocrystalline coordination polymers. Bare or modified carbon nanotubes could be modified to allow coordination polymers to grow around [109][110]. This is used

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• ], particle size reduction [25], and encapsulation in nanoscale delivery systems [11]. Nanoscale BBR crystals can be formed using top-down technologies (ball mills, high-pressure homogenizers, microfluidic technology, and spray drying) or bottom-up technologies (evaporative precipitation of nanosuspension

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), encapsulation efficiency percentage (EE%), and in vitro release. The best ETH formulation was used to prepare the ethosome-based gel (ETHG) by using Carbopol 980 as a gelling agent at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The gel formulation was evaluated

• inhibitory effects were carried out. The optimized EGCG-loaded ETHs (F3) were within the nanoscale range (238 ± 1.10 nm). The highest encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release values were 51.7 ± 1.15% and 50.8 ± 1.70%, respectively. The ETHG was successfully formulated with F3-coded ETHs and the

• [30][31]. The negative zeta potential in all of our formulations is thought to be due to the presence of ethanol. Conversely, there is a decrease in the encapsulation efficiency due to the increasing lipid ratio. All formulations showed approximately 50% of in vitro release, but the highest rate was

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. The SM-loaded NPs showed suitable properties in terms of particle size (81.4 nm), zeta potential (−28.3 mV), and high encapsulation efficiency (97.5%). Histological criteria, knee bend score, and oxidative stress remarkably improved in rats treated with the SM

• -loaded NPs. The results of this study showed that the encapsulation of SM in PLGA NPs enhanced its chondroprotective effects by improving the stability and bioavailability of the SM [68]. Curcuminoid-loaded HA-chitosan NPs (HA-CNPs) have demonstrated excellent potential in OA treatment due to providing

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• concentration (4–12%) and addition of PLGA (20–80%) on the spinnability of the solutions, morphology, average nanofiber diameter, encapsulation efficiency, drug release, and mechanical properties of PLA and PLA/PLGA nanofibers were examined. All nanofibers were bead-free and uniform. They had favorable

• encapsulation efficiency (approx. 90%) and mechanical properties. The increase in the amount of ampicillin trihydrate caused an increase in the diameter and burst effect of the nanofibers. The drug release ended on the 7th and 3rd day with nanofibers containing 4% and 12% of drug, respectively. The prolonged

• produced with enhanced encapsulation efficiency and mechanical properties, resulting in controlled and tailored release of ampicillin trihydrate for at least ten days. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the addition of PLGA in different ratios and the amount of drug can be manipulated to obtain the

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• ]. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., quercetin, ibuprofen, dexamethasone, aspirin, indomethacin) have been successfully loaded and eluted locally from TNTs in vitro in titania-based implants. Surface modifications such as biopolymer coating, polymeric micelle encapsulation, and periodic

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• was confirmed with the help of drug titration curves. Drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug-loading capacity (LC) were determined using the following equations [67]: Figure 11 indicates a graphical representation of the complete synthetic route of drug-functionalized NPs. pH-dependent drug