Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• interest since it reduces the synthesis cost. However, the temperature has an important effect on the formation mechanism of the BNNTs [42][43]. It has been reported that the BNNT formation mechanism and tube diameter can be varied depending on the temperature or substrate/catalyst ratio [42][43]. Bae et

Synthesis of Pt nanoparticles and their burrowing into Si due to synergistic effects of ion beam energy losses

• Pravin Kumar,
• Udai Bhan Singh,
• Kedar Mal,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Indra Sulania,
• Dinakar Kanjilal,
• Dinesh Singh and
• Vidya Nand Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1864–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.197

• distribution profile, it seems that the synthesis of the NPs takes place near the surface. The Pt NPs may then diffuse into the silicon via vacancies. Yet the question of the possible Pt NP formation mechanism for this experiment still remains. Considering the AFM and RBS measurement results (energy dependent

Growth evolution and phase transition from chalcocite to digenite in nanocrystalline copper sulfide: Morphological, optical and electrical properties

• Priscilla Vasthi Quintana-Ramirez,
• Ma. Concepción Arenas-Arrocena,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Marina Vega-González,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• Víctor Manuel Castaño-Meneses,
• Laura Susana Acosta-Torres and
• Javier de la Fuente-Hernández

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1542–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.166

• light, this is attributed to the recombination of charges due to the superficial states in the CuxS samples. Mechanism of the formation and phase transition According to the results presented above, a formation mechanism of the growth and the phase transition from chalcocite to digenite is proposed

Microstructural and plasmonic modifications in Ag–TiO₂ and Au–TiO₂ nanocomposites through ion beam irradiation

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra,
• Venkata Girish Kotnur,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi,
• Thomas Strunskus,
• Vladimir Zaporotchenko,
• Dietmar Fink,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Franz Faupel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.154

• track formation mechanism because of the semiconducting nature of the matrix as compared to insulating matrices (e.g., SiO2) in which ion tracks are usually formed [20][28][29][41]. Ion irradiation studies on Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite (MVF ≈ 15%) film were also performed and corresponding bright-field TEM

Synthesis, characterization, and growth simulations of Cu–Pt bimetallic nanoclusters

• Subarna Khanal,
• Ana Spitale,
• Nabraj Bhattarai,
• Daniel Bahena,
• J. Jesus Velazquez-Salazar,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Marcelo M. Mariscal and
• Miguel José-Yacaman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1371–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.150

• randomly in the Cu lattice. A novel simulation method is applied to study the growth mechanism, which shows the formation of alloy structures in good agreement with the experimental evidence. The findings give insight into the formation mechanism of the nanosized Cu–Pt bimetallic catalysts. Keywords: Cu

• distribution of Cu and Pt, and to compare these results against atomistic simulations and simulated STEM images. By using GCLD simulations, we have been able to study the formation mechanism of Cu–Pt bimetallic nanoclusters. In general terms alloyed nanoclusters were obtained. The enrichment of Pt layers

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• synthesis of pure kesterite-phase Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals with a uniform size distribution by a one-step, thioglycolic acid (TGA)-assisted hydrothermal route. The formation mechanism and the role of TGA in the formation of CZTS compound were thoroughly studied. It has been found that TGA interacted

• optimal for application in photoelectric energy conversion device. Keywords: Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals; formation mechanism; hydrothermal; thioglycolic acid; Introduction The development of new semiconductor light absorbing materials for applications in photovoltaic technologies is driven by the necessity

• the best of our knowledge, the formation mechanism of CZTS in the hydrothermal reaction has rarely been reported due to the complex reactions involved in the system. Herein we report the synthesis of high quality, pure kesterite phase, monodisperse CZTS nanocrystals by a one-step hydrothermal

Study of mesoporous CdS-quantum-dot-sensitized TiO₂ films by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM

• Mohamed N. Ghazzal,
• Robert Wojcieszak,
• Gijo Raj and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 68–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.6

• . The small particles accumulated continuously in the pores of the TiO2 layer and then covered the surface of the substrate, which leads to a homogeneous layer. After each deposition cycle the particles grew following a heterogeneous formation mechanism due to ion-by-ion deposition. (a) AFM image of the

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes from unprocessed colemanite

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 843–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.95

• from unprocessed colemanite. The reaction parameters such as the amount of colemanite, the type and amount of catalyst, the reaction temperature and duration were studied and optimized. Finally, the formation mechanism of BNNTs was elucidated. The synthesized BNNTs were characterized with several

• the BNNT synthesis consists of the clustered structures composed of boron nitride (BN) and iron atoms. The initial BN-Fe complex shown with arrows in Figure 3a has onion-shaped round structures at the bottom. The base growth BNNT formation mechanism proposes that the BNNTs are formed on the surface of

Controlled synthesis and tunable properties of ultrathin silica nanotubes through spontaneous polycondensation on polyamine fibrils

• Jian-Jun Yuan,
• Pei-Xin Zhu,
• Daisuke Noda and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 793–804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.90

• , respectively. TEM images of silica/carbon composite mats with a nanofibrous network prepared by calcining LPEI@silica nanotubes under N2 atmosphere after PSS adsorption of one layer (A) and two layers (B). Proposed formation mechanism of the polyamine-aggregate template for silica nanotubes and nanowires

• . These 10-nm nanotubes were hierarchically organized in a mat-like morphology with a typical size of 1–2 micrometers. The subsequent removal of organic LPEI via calcination resulted in silica nanotubes that keep this morphology. The morphology, the structure, the pore properties and the formation

• mechanism of the silica nanotubes were carefully investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Detailed studies demonstrated that the formation of the nanotubes depends on the molar ratio

Lithium peroxide crystal clusters as a natural growth feature of discharge products in Li–O₂ cells

• Tatiana K. Zakharchenko,
• Anna Y. Kozmenkova,
• Daniil M. Itkis and
• Eugene A. Goodilin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 758–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.86

• into lithium peroxide (Li2O2) [11], which always demonstrates a very complex morphology [12] revealing sphere-, torroid- or rozette-like aggregates of plate-like particles. This repeated observation evidences a complex formation mechanism of lithium peroxide. Here we report a new study of Li2O2

Electrochemical and electron microscopic characterization of Super-P based cathodes for Li–O₂ batteries

• Mario Marinaro,
• Santhana K. Eswara Moorthy,
• Jörg Bernhard,
• Ludwig Jörissen,
• Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens and
• Ute Kaiser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 665–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.74

• particles in Figure 6A are filled (not hollow) in contrast to the case of Figure 4B and (c) the size of the Li2O2 particles formed in the case of Figure 6A are in the range of 250–350 nm, which is somewhat larger than in the case of Figure 4B. From point (b) we can infer that the formation mechanism of the

Digging gold: keV He⁺ ion interaction with Au

• Vasilisa Veligura,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Robin P. Berkelaar,
• Raoul van Gastel,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet and
• Bene Poelsema

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 453–460, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.53

• formation mechanism by interbubble fracture, has been suggested by Evans [39]. However, also at these high energies helium will start to leak to the surface and the blister growth saturates. The steep part of the graph at 35 keV in Figure 5a corresponds to the blister formation and growth process. At 25 keV

Probing three-dimensional surface force fields with atomic resolution: Measurement strategies, limitations, and artifact reduction

• Mehmet Z. Baykara,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren,
• Todd C. Schwendemann,
• Harry Mönig,
• Eric I. Altman and
• Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 637–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.73

• of the apex atoms (see, e.g., [28][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]). While, for specific cases, the contrast-formation mechanism may be explained by using a relatively simple picture of tip-apex polarity [47][54][55], generally more complicated tip-apex models and theoretical considerations need

Surface functionalization of aluminosilicate nanotubes with organic molecules

• Wei Ma,
• Weng On Yah,
• Hideyuki Otsuka and
• Atsushi Takahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 82–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.10

• of Al(ClO4)3 and Si(OH)4 [25]. The formation mechanism of imogolite is not well understood, but an early study suggested that the evolution of the tubular morphology is started by the binding of isolated silicate groups to the gibbsite sheet, in which the tetravalent Si atoms pull the oxygen atoms of

Synthesis and catalytic applications of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials

• Jarian Vernimmen,
• Vera Meynen and
• Pegie Cool

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 785–801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.87

• responsible for the huge interest in these materials among different scientific communities. Therefore, research has been focused on the elucidation of the formation mechanism, the development of new, tailor-made nanoporous structures, and the implementation of the materials in various processes and

• disordered amorphous mesoporous matrix. An advantage of this mesotemplate-free method in comparison with the former one is that leaching of the heteroelements (e.g., Al and Ti) will occur to a minor extent due to the basic synthesis conditions. Self-formation mechanism of hierarchy: The phenomenon of self

• formation mechanism and detailed structural properties of the materials need to be explored in more detail before drawing any conclusion on its applicability. 1.2.4 Conclusion As pointed out in the preceding paragraphs, each synthesis strategy for the formation of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials has

Approaches to nanostructure control and functionalizations of polymer@silica hybrid nanograss generated by biomimetic silica mineralization on a self-assembled polyamine layer

• Jian-Jun Yuan and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 760–773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.84

• -driven self-assembly of preformed PSS-wrapped CNTs. In our case, the presence of IPA in the media was assumed to play an essential role in the formation of the pyramidlike structure since the use of neat water did not give this kind of surface structure. However, the detailed formation mechanism is still

Inorganic–organic hybrid materials through post-synthesis modification: Impact of the treatment with azides on the mesopore structure

• Miriam Keppeler,
• Jürgen Holzbock,
• Johanna Akbarzadeh,
• Herwig Peterlik and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 486–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.52

• ][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Since the first presentation by Kresge and Beck in 1992, these so-called M41S-materials have attracted great attention and their formation mechanism as well as the parameters influencing the textural properties have been well investigated [4][5]. It is well-known that the