Coating with luminal gut-constituents alters adherence of nanoparticles to intestinal epithelial cells

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Katrin Ramaker and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2308–2315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.239

• cells were treated according to the protocol of Bye et al. [32]. They were washed once with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate (pH 7.4) and fixed with a solution containing osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde as fixatives (0.5% osmium tetroxide (Polysciences Europe GmbH, Eppelheim, Germany), 2.5% glutaraldehyde

Nanoencapsulation of ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide into human serum albumin nanoparticles

• Matthias G. Wacker,
• Mahmut Altinok,
• Stephan Urfels and
• Johann Bauer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2259–2266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.235

• crosslinked with increasing amounts of glutaraldehyde and a dense particle structure was formed to incorporate the contrast agent. A decreasing standard deviation of the polydispersity indicated a narrow size distribution for particles that were crosslinked with higher amounts of glutaraldehyde (Figure 3

• observations in TEM HSA nanoparticles were chemically stabilized by using the theoretical amount of glutaraldehyde corresponding to a crosslinking of 100% of the 60 amino groups in the HSA molecule. By this, HSA nanoparticles with transparent appearance (grey) in the TEM were generated. Iron core particles of

• time range. After freeze drying, only USPIO HSA hybrid particles prepared at an iron concentration of 15 µg/mg demonstrated significant agglomeration. Experimental Reagents and chemicals Human serum albumin (Fraction V) and glutaraldehyde 8% aqueous solution were purchased from Sigma (Steinheim

Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks

• Christoph Nick,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Ravi Joshi,
• Christiane Thielemann and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1575–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.169

• to be fixed and finally dried before being sputter coated with 5 nm PtPd for SEM investigation. For doing so, the cell culture medium was removed from the substrates and replaced by 2.5% glutaraldehyde. After 2.5 h glutaraldehyde was removed and all substrates were washed in DI-water three times for

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• with Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator. Transmission electron microscopy As described in [44], intracellular particles were visualized by conventional TEM. For TEM analysis, the exposed cells on the transwell membrane were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.03 M potassium phosphate buffer for at

Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• developed by the former Soviet Union, is another challenge [6]. Disinfectants like formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, phenols, ethylene oxide, chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite etc. show high inactivation effect against B. anthracis spores. However, the generation of toxic fumes, the

• vegetative cells of Bacillus species, but that higher concentrations may be necessary to achieve a sporicidal effect (e.g., for glutaraldehyde and CRAs). Nonetheless, certain bactericides like alcohol, phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chlorhexidine lack a sporicidal effect even at high

The surface microstructure of cusps and leaflets in rabbit and mouse heart valves

• Xia Ye,
• Bharat Bhushan,
• Ming Zhou and
• Weining Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 622–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.73

• using scissors and the hearts were removed. After irrigating with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), the hearts were fixed in a solution of 2.5% glutaraldehyde (Res Group Co., Ltd. chemical reagents) for 2 h. Then the atria and ventricles were cut open, and all of the heart valves (including aortic

FTIR nanobiosensors for Escherichia coli detection

• Stefania Mura,
• Gianfranco Greppi,
• Maria Laura Marongiu,
• Pier Paolo Roggero,
• Sandeep P. Ravindranath,
• Lisa J. Mauer,
• Nicoletta Schibeci,
• Francesco Perria,
• Massimo Piccinini,
• Plinio Innocenzi and
• Joseph Irudayaraj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 485–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.55

• necessary to improve the safety of our food supply chain. In this work we report on mesoporous titania thin-film substrates as sensors to detect E. coli O157:H7. Titania films treated with APTES ((3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane) and GA (glutaraldehyde) were functionalized with specific antibodies and the

• %), glutaraldehyde (GA Grade I, 50% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Germany). E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli K12 were obtained from the bacteria collection at Purdue University (Agricultural and Biological Engineering

• of titania films functionalized with APTES (solid line) and after the linking of glutaraldehyde (dashed line); the spectrum of glutaraldehyde (GA) was reported in the inset for reference. (c) Spectrum of functionalized titania with APTES and GA (solid line) and after the linking of anti-E. coli O157

Superhydrophobicity in perfection: the outstanding properties of the lotus leaf

• Hans J. Ensikat,
• Petra Ditsche-Kuru,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 152–161, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.19

• imaging of epicuticular waxes. These preparation methods are described in detail elsewhere [28]. The samples for thin sections were prepared following a standard protocol for transmission electron microscopy preparation [29]: fixation in glutaraldehyde, dehydration with acetone, embedding in epoxy resin

Electrochemical behavior of dye-linked L-proline dehydrogenase on glassy carbon electrodes modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

• Haitao Zheng,
• Leyi Lin,
• Yosuke Okezaki,
• Ryushi Kawakami,
• Haruhiko Sakuraba,
• Toshihisa Ohshima,
• Keiichi Takagi and
• Shin-ichiro Suye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 135–141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.16

• ) and used as received. L-Proline and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) were obtained from Wako Chemical In. (Tokyo, Japan), and glutaraldehyde (25% w/w solution for electron microscopy grade was obtained form Nacarai Chemical Co., (Kyoto, Japan). All the other chemicals were of analytical grade

• cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde as the linking agent [35][36]. A 300 μL L-proDH solution and 200 μL glutaraldehyde solution (0.5%, w/w) were mixed. A 12 μL of the above mixture was coated onto the bare GC electrode and dried in a N2 stream at room temperature. The electrode so obtained is