Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• our comprehension of laser–material interactions and hold potential implications for surface engineering and material science applications. Keywords: cross section of LIPSS; high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL); laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS); low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL

• different metals, semiconductors, and polymers [9][12][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. LIPSS characterized by ripple-like subwavelength periodic structures on a material’s surface, are broadly classified into low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) and high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL), based on their