Formation of stable Si–O–C submonolayers on hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) under low-temperature conditions

• Yit Lung Khung,
• Siti Hawa Ngalim,
• Andrea Scaccabarozzi and
• Dario Narducci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 19–26, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.3

• . Experimental Materials Silicon wafers (111), were boron-doped (resistivity of 0.01–0.018 Ω·cm) and were used in this experiment. Sulfuric acid (Aldrich) and hydrogen peroxide (BDH Prolabo) were of semiconductor grade. 4-ethynylbenzyl alcohol and 4-ethynyl-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene were purchased from Sigma

• -Aldrich. All other chemicals, unless stated otherwise were used as received without further purification. Thermal reaction protocol Similar to the methodology as described by Ciampi et al [15], silicon wafers approximately 20 × 20 mm2 were cleaned for 30 min in hot Piranha solution (95 °C, hydrogen

• peroxide (33%)/conc. sulfuric acid, 1:3 (v/v)). The samples were then submerged in a solution of 2.5% hydrofluoric acid for 1.5 min. Subsequently, the samples were placed to a degassed (through a minimum of 20 freeze-pump-thaw cycles) solution of 4-ethynyl-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene (0.3 M in mesitylene). The

High-frequency multimodal atomic force microscopy

• Adrian P. Nievergelt,
• Jonathan D. Adams,
• Pascal D. Odermatt and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2459–2467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.255

• per degree of screw rotation along the cantilever length and width, respectively. Actin filament preparation A 12 mm diameter glass coverslip (Novoglas Labortechnik) was cleaned with piranha solution (1:3 ratio of hydrogen peroxide to sulphuric acid), rinsed with distilled water and dried by a

Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films

• Katarzyna Grochowska,
• Katarzyna Siuzdak,
• Peter A. Atanasov,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Anna Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov and
• Gerard Śliwiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2102–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.219

• is widely used and investigated because of its stable physical and electrochemical properties and finds application in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, as well as in the sensitive detection of species such as glucose, hydrogen peroxide and DNA fragments [56][57]. Samples of the Au–ITO

The cell-type specific uptake of polymer-coated or micelle-embedded QDs and SPIOs does not provoke an acute pro-inflammatory response in the liver

• Markus Heine,
• Alexander Bartelt,
• Oliver T. Bruns,
• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Ludger Scheja,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Rudolph Reimer,
• Horst Weller,
• Peter Nielsen and
• Joerg Heeren

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1432–1440, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.155

• the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) [7]. Consequently, larger nanocrystals are exposed to cellular degradation mechanisms of macrophages, e.g., the acidic environment of lysosomes and even more harsh conditions in phagosomes containing also hydrogen peroxide [8]. This might disrupt the surface

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• cathode catalyst, achieved a maximum power density of 30 mW/cm2 using a 2 M EtOH/2 M KOH fuel mixture, but the cell performance quickly degraded (more than 50% after 200 h) [78]. A cell with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant and a non-platinum anode showed 44% increase in power density (160 mW/cm2 at 80 °C

• by the formation of a LaNi5 coating on the surface [159]. More than 2000 h of continuous operation at 70% efficiency were demonstrated with a cell with a nanotextured Cu–Ni anode, although with a low current density (14 mA/cm2) [160]. The use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant (Equation 20) in a

• direct hydrazine fuel cell fuel cell delivers a high OCP (2.13 V), which can be even higher when the anode is basic and the cathode is acidic. Thus, a cell, with Ni–Pt/C anode and Au/C cathode catalysts, 10 wt % hydrazine/15 wt % NaOH anolyte and 20 wt % hydrogen peroxide/5 wt % H2SO4 catholyte, had a

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• immersed in piranha solution, which is a 3:1 mixture of sulfuric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide, for 30 min. Second, the wafers were rinsed with water and ethanol for several times and dried by compressed air. Then the wafers were immersed into a 1% (v/v) OTS (SIO6640.1, Gelest) solution in anhydrous

Pyrite nanoparticles as a Fenton-like reagent for in situ remediation of organic pollutants

• Carolina Gil-Lozano,
• Elisabeth Losa-Adams,
• Alfonso F.-Dávila and
• Luis Gago-Duport

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 855–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.97

• alternative to conventional Fenton procedures for use in wastewater treatment, avoiding the potential risks caused by the release of heavy metals upon dissolution of natural pyrites. Keywords: copper phthalocyanine; Fenton-like reagent; hydrogen peroxide; nanoparticles; pyrite; Introduction There has been

A visible-light-driven composite photocatalyst of TiO₂ nanotube arrays and graphene quantum dots

• Donald K. L. Chan,
• Po Ling Cheung and
• Jimmy C. Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 689–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.81

• for 1 h with a temperature increasing rate of 1 °C·min−1 in air was applied to improve crystallization. Synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs): GQDs were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) by heating with a solution of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia [44]. 20 mg of GO was dispersed into 5 mL of

A catechol biosensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers

• Dawei Li,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Lei Luo,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 346–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.39

• hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) [29]. Based on this, laccase has been utilized to fabricate a variety of biosensors, including biosensors for phenolic compounds [30]. Nafion, a linear perfluorosulfonate polymer possesses good cation-exchange properties, biocompatibility and film-forming properties and has been

Some reflections on the understanding of the oxygen reduction reaction at Pt(111)

• Ana M. Gómez-Marín,
• Ruben Rizo and
• Juan M. Feliu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.108

• structure sensitivity and the lack of a reduction current at high potentials are discussed in the light of the surface oxidation and disordering processes and the possible relevance of the hydrogen peroxide reduction and oxidation reactions in the ORR mechanism. The necessity to build precise and realistic

• electrocatalysts for fuel-cell cathodes is only possible through a cooperative approach between theory and experiments. Keywords: hydrogen peroxide oxidation; hydrogen peroxide reduction; oxygen reduction; Pt(111); stepped surfaces; Introduction Nowadays, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is arguably one of

• generally accepted, classical scheme for this reaction, in which hydrogen peroxide is a stable reaction intermediate species, can be depicted by Scheme 1 [1]. However, despite the intensive experimental and theoretical ORR research for decades, which ranges from studies on idealized model electrodes up to

Ultramicrosensors based on transition metal hexacyanoferrates for scanning electrochemical microscopy

• Maria A. Komkova,
• Angelika Holzinger,
• Andreas Hartmann,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov,
• Christine Kranz,
• Arkady A. Karyakin and
• Oleg G. Voronin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 649–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.72

• Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.4.72 Abstract We report here a way for improving the stability of ultramicroelectrodes (UME) based on hexacyanoferrate-modified metals for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. The most stable sensors were obtained by

• electrochemical deposition of six layers of hexacyanoferrates (HCF), more specifically, an alternating pattern of three layers of Prussian Blue and three layers of Ni–HCF. The microelectrodes modified with mixed layers were continuously monitored in 1 mM hydrogen peroxide and proved to be stable for more than 5 h

• as sensors in scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) experiments for imaging of hydrogen peroxide evolution. Keywords: energy related; hydrogen peroxide; nanomaterials; nickel hexacyanoferrate; Prussian Blue; scanning electrochemical microscopy; ultramicroelectrodes; Introduction The detection

Selective surface modification of lithographic silicon oxide nanostructures by organofunctional silanes

• Thomas Baumgärtel,
• Christian von Borczyskowski and
• Harald Graaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 218–226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.22

• acetone (C3H6O, “Uvasol© for spectroscopy”, Merck, Germany), ethanol (C2H5OH, “Uvasol© for spectroscopy”, Merck, Germany) and in “piranha”-solution [40% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30% “Suprapur”, Merck, Germany) and 60% sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 96% “Suprapur”, Merck, Germany)] at 70 °C. Afterwards the samples

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• the wire can, e.g., be used to incorporate electrical functionality, optical contrast, and/or desired surface chemistry [104]. Segmented Au/Pt nanowires were demonstrated to move autonomously when placed in a hydrogen peroxide solution [105]. Also, biofunctionalized nanowire bar codes were used for ss

Paper modified with ZnO nanorods – antimicrobial studies

• Mayuree Jaisai,
• Sunandan Baruah and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.78

• ]. Cellulose fibers used for papermaking are hygroscopic in nature [9][10] and this property was used to our advantage when developing the antimicrobial paper. The adsorbed moisture can be utilized for the production of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through photocatalysis. Both ·OH

• strong oxidizing agent [17]. The reactions initiated by photogenerated electrons, leading to the formation of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, are summarized as follows [19]: where MO stands for metal-oxide photocatalyst, such as TiO2, ZnO, etc., and the reaction products and intermediates are

• superoxide anions (·O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), hydrogendioxide anion (HO2−), and hydroperoxy radicals (·HO2). Surface area and surface defects play an important role in the photocatalytic activity of metal-oxide nanostructures. One-dimensional nanostructures such as nanorods

Distribution of functional groups in periodic mesoporous organosilica materials studied by small-angle neutron scattering with in situ adsorption of nitrogen

• Monir Sharifi,
• Dirk Wallacher and
• Michael Wark

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.49

• up to 383 K. The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 h followed by filtration and washing with toluene and ethanol. In order to obtain SO3H-groups the attached SH-groups were oxidized with hydrogen peroxide. Therefore 0.3 g of the MPMS functionalized sample prepared by grafting was suspended in 10 mL

The morphology of silver nanoparticles prepared by enzyme-induced reduction

• Henrik Schneidewind,
• Thomas Schüler,
• Katharina K. Strelau,
• Karina Weber,
• Dana Cialla,
• Marco Diegel,
• Roland Mattheis,
• Andreas Berger,
• Robert Möller and
• Jürgen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 404–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.47

• silver deposition is activated by an enzymatic reaction leading to the growth of silver particles at the enzyme (c). In the enzymatic process an oxygen atom is split off from the hydrogen peroxide. This oxygen is bound to the heme group of HRP, thus changing the oxidation state of the iron atom inside

Self-assembly of octadecyltrichlorosilane: Surface structures formed using different protocols of particle lithography

• ChaMarra K. Saner,
• Kathie L. Lusker,
• Zorabel M. LeJeune,
• Wilson K. Serem and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 114–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.12

• . Polished silicon wafers doped with boron (Virginia Semiconductor, Fredericksburg, VA) were used as substrates. Pieces of Si(111) were cleaned by immersion in a 3:1 (v/v) piranha solution for 1 h. Piranha solution consists of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, which is highly corrosive, and should be

Substrate-mediated effects in photothermal patterning of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers with microfocused continuous-wave lasers

• Anja Schröter,
• Mark Kalus and
• Nils Hartmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 65–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.8

• , Merck) and 30% hydrogen peroxide (p.a., AppliChem), rinsed in deionized water (18 MΩ·cm Millipore), dried in a stream of high purity argon (5.0, Air Liquide) and then immersed into a 1 mM solution of 1-hexadecanethiol (HDT, ≥95%, Fluka) in degassed ethanol in a glove box at room temperature for 18 h

Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-coated ionic liquid drops: Micro-reactors for homogenous catalytic reactions at designated interfaces

• Xiaoning Zhang and
• Yuguang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 33–39, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.4

• decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide at the vapor-coated OTS-water interface. Since the shape and position of the interface is defined by the underneath chemical pattern, our findings show that the OTS-coated IL drops assembled on chemical patterns can be used as novel micro-reactors. This allows

• catalyze the decomposition reaction of the hydrogen peroxide at the IL–OTS coating–water interface when the coated IL drops were immersed in hydrogen peroxide solution. Therefore, the coated IL drop may allow homogenous catalytic reactions to proceed in a heterogeneous fashion at the designated places

• Eclipse 55c microscope. Procedures The silicon wafers (Nitrogen doped, resistivity 1–40 Ω∙cm) were polished to an ultra-flat level (root mean square roughness <5 Å) and were then cut into 1 × 1 cm2 pieces. The wafer samples were cleaned by piranha solution (1 part of 98% H2SO4 and 2 parts of 30% hydrogen

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• dioxide was grown from a solution containing titanium sulfate and hydrogen peroxide [34]. Obtaining SAMs with sulfonate outer groups is not trivial. It is usually done either by reacting chemisorbed SAMs having a thioacetate terminal group [33] or by reacting terminating thiol groups with H2O2 in acetic

• photocatalytically formed hydrogen peroxide, then an important outcome is that structures that are patterned by exposure to 365 nm light may be sharper than structures patterned by 254 nm light. This conclusion, which seems contradictory to conventional wisdom, stems from the fact that the quantum efficiency of the

• of sulfonic acid terminated SAMs facilitated the growth of patterned TiO2 from a solution containing titanium sulfate and hydrogen peroxide [34]. Another example is the transfer of OTS SAM onto silica followed by selective ALD growth of titanium dioxide on the noncoated areas [79]. Likewise, a

Distance dependence of near-field fluorescence enhancement and quenching of single quantum dots

• Volker Walhorn,
• Jan Paskarbeit,
• Heinrich Gotthard Frey,
• Alexander Harder and
• Dario Anselmetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 645–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.68

• sulphuric acid 96% and hydrogen peroxide 30%) for one minute, rinsed thoroughly with MilliQ filtered water and dried with nitrogen. After cleaning, hydrophobic fluorescent CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles [29] with a spectral emission maximum at 585 nm were diluted in n-heptane (Sigma Aldrich), microdispensed to the

Electrochemical behavior of dye-linked L-proline dehydrogenase on glassy carbon electrodes modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

• Haitao Zheng,
• Leyi Lin,
• Yosuke Okezaki,
• Ryushi Kawakami,
• Haruhiko Sakuraba,
• Toshihisa Ohshima,
• Keiichi Takagi and
• Shin-ichiro Suye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 135–141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.16

• mechanical and electrochemical properties [13][14], CNTs can mediate the electron transfer between an electrode and a number of electroactive substances such as hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid and dopamine, and accelerate surface electrochemical reactions [15]. Direct electron transfer between the active