Size-dependent density of zirconia nanoparticles

• Agnieszka Opalinska,
• Iwona Malka,
• Wojciech Dzwolak,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Adam Presz and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 27–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.4

• effect of the surface layer on the NP density becomes particularly evident for NPs smaller than 50 nm, and thus, the density of nanoparticles is size dependent. Keywords: density; hydrothermal synthesis; hydroxy groups; nanometrology; nanopowders; zirconia; Introduction Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has a

• up to 1100 °C and transforms to t-ZrO2, which exists in the temperature range 1100–2370 °C, while the cubic phase is found above 2370 °C [21]. However, for nanocrystalline powders, the tetragonal phase can be obtained directly during hydrothermal synthesis. It was previously observed that density

• , specific surface area, and phase composition of nano-ZrO2 depends on the hydrothermal synthesis conditions. An increase of the synthesis temperature above 260 °C leads to an increase in the nano-ZrO2 density. It should be noted that in this case the density was always less than that of bulk ZrO2 [22]. The

Template-directed synthesis and characterization of microstructured ceramic Ce/ZrO₂@SiO₂ composite tubes

• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Meike Naumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1152–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.126

• -precipitation for the preparation of powders [13], impregnation [9], dip-coating [5], or hydrothermal synthesis [4], sol–gel synthesis routes have been widely employed for the preparation of CexZr1−xO2 solid solutions [14]. Pure aqueous sols or sols stabilized by the addition of organics, e.g., surfactants

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• the formation of pure kesterite CZTS nanocrystals. The roles of TGA in the hydrothermal synthesis are discussed. Experimental Materials: All the materials were provided by Sigma Aldrich unless otherwise stated. Chemicals of copper(II) chloride dehydrate (CuCl2·2H2O), zinc chloride (ZnCl2) product of

• . Influence of TGA concentration TGA has been widely used in hydrothermal synthesis of metal sulfide such as ZnS, SnS etc. It has been reported that the content of TGA influences the morphology of the hydrothermal product [23][24]. The effect of the content of TGA on the formation of CZTS compound was

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• polymer-templating method was investigated in an effort to reduce such agglomeration [1][7][8][9][10][11]. Nanosized ceria can be synthesized by methods such as chemical vapour deposition (CVD), spray pyrolysis, hydrothermal synthesis or electrosynthesis [1][2][9]. These approaches lead to particulate