Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• other hand, only a few research articles reported DCS formulations for parenteral administration [18][19]. Nanocarriers offer great advantages to many technological fields. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with silicon carbide nanocrystals can be applied as a photostabilizer or as a UV light

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• nanocarriers have various therapeutic advantages such as no or minimized side effects, long storage life, enhanced residence time, extended circulation time, increased half-life, and decreased dose [128][129][130][131]. Nanodelivery systems for natural antioxidants can be divided into two main classes, namely

• natural and synthetic nanocarriers. Because of the advantages of synthetic nanocarriers regarding easier customization of size, surface properties, charge, and morphology, we will focus on synthetic nanocarriers. Various types of synthetic nanocarriers have been developed to deliver natural antioxidants

• better anti-aging properties than natural curcumin. By encapsulating curcumin in nanocarriers or by conjugating it to metal oxide nanoparticles, the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin have been substantially improved, leading to a rise in its pharmacological efficiency [136][137][138][139

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• ). Our results show that Cym-NE has a k value of 10.4, while Myr-NE has a k value of 3.3. A higher k value indicates faster drug release, while a lower k value indicates slower transport kinetics and, consequently, poor drug release from nanocarriers [43]. Furthermore, both Cym-NE and Myr-NE demonstrated

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• solving biopharmaceutical challenges associated with drugs, such as curcumin. From a drug delivery standpoint, nanocarriers (1–1000 nm) can improve stability, increase solubility, promote intracellular delivery, and increase biological activity. Thus, this review offers a deep look into curcumin-loaded

• nanocarriers intended for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Keywords: antiparasitic; Curcuma longa; curcuminoids; leishmaniasis; nanocarriers; neglected tropical diseases; Introduction Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) comprise a group of 20 diseases that are caused, in most cases, by viruses, fungi, bacteria

• , the intracellular uptake of bioactive molecules is especially hindered for hydrophobic molecules [64], making it difficult for the drug to reach the parasite. On the other hand, nanocarriers can target the interior of macrophages residing in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow, effectively delivering

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• nanocarriers to enhance drug delivery by ensuring that drugs are delivered in appropriate amounts to specific target areas and remains in the body for the necessary duration [12]. As a result, nanoparticles have been utilized mainly as drug delivery systems in various parasitic diseases, including

• advantages of using this type of nanoparticles as nanocarriers are their potential use for drug controlled release, the ability to protect drugs and other molecules with biological activity against the environment, improvement of their bioavailability and therapeutic index [17]. These nanocarriers are

• lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are solid lipid matrices at room and body temperature [35]. Their advantages are similar to classic nanocarriers, such as protection of labile drugs from biodegradation process, excellent excipient tolerability, and prolonged release. In addition, some disadvantages of the

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• nanoplastics can penetrate and accumulate in bacterial cells [22], thus suggesting that other ONPs may have a similar fate in bacteria. In general, the mechanisms of action of ONPs used as drug nanocarriers in antibacterial applications are expected to vary with the nanoparticle type (e.g., liposomes or PLGA

• , but the penetration of liposomes into the cell was not proved [25]. In general, organic nanocarriers are often reported to penetrate mammalian cells infected by bacteria, improving the drug accumulation in these eukaryotic cells and increasing the antibacterial efficiency of the drug [3][4][9][26

• ]. However, the nanocarriers were not found in the bacterial cells, and the question was rarely mentioned at all. Thus, whether the increase in effectiveness of antibiotics carried by NPs is the result of the penetration of the complete nanocarrier–drug system into bacteria or rather an effect of the

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• bioavailability by modifying the absorption, distribution, and elimination of the drug. In this study, BNZ was successfully loaded into nanocarriers composed of myristyl myristate/Crodamol oil/poloxamer 188 prepared by ultrasonication. A stable NLC formulation was obtained, with ≈80% encapsulation efficiency (%EE

• nanoparticles could accumulate in the site of inflammation delivering the drug in the surroundings of their molecular target. In addition, nanocarriers may pass through the cell membrane via endocytosis to avoid BNZ efflux via the P-glycoprotein efflux pump [14][15][16], thus delivering the drug more

• nanoparticle formulations, it is of interest to study the potential toxicity of pharmaceutical nanocarriers in blood cells. Most of the published papers evaluated the hemolytic activity (HA) of nanoparticles after 2, 3, or 5 h of incubation [43][44][45]. The standard methods to test hemolytic activity of

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• , nanocarriers need to be engineered to add functionalities, both in their cores and at their surfaces. This includes therapeutic drugs and genes, targeting moieties, performance enhancers (e.g., for barrier penetration and to avoid opsonization), and imaging agents [2][3]. Core and matrix of the nanoparticles

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• [44]. Furthermore, the metabolism and removal from the body of NPs are not fully understood and could also pose a threat [15][45]. Despite many limitations, the medical applications of NPs create new perspectives in relation to conventionally used methods. Therefore, nanocarriers with the highest

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• (NIR) radiation to ablate cells or trigger the release of related therapeutic drugs [94][96]. PTT is characterized by noninvasiveness, deep tissue penetration, and high anticancer efficiency, showing good prospects in clinical treatment [97]. Biomimetic NPs of mesoporous polydopamine nanocarriers have

• targeting and hyperthermia [56]. In a therapeutic strategy for HCC, hepatoma cell membranes and macrophage membranes were hybridized to obtain the advantages of different cell membranes [78]. When nanocarriers with photothermal conversion ability were used to carry the anticancer drug sorafenib, efficient

• nanocarrier was encapsulated with a cancer cell membrane, which endowed the NPs with the ability to target tumor tissues and mediate tumor killing through chemical kinetics [83]. In addition, further anticancer effects can be exerted by the ginsenoside Rh2, which was delivered by nanocarriers and inhibited

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• agents. Precision oncology research to identify targetable biomarkers and optimize tumor homing agents, hand in hand with designing multifunctional and multistage nanocarriers that respond to the inherent heterogeneity of the tumors, may resolve the challenges of inadequate tumor localization, improve

• intracellular internalization, and bring advantages over conventional nanocarriers. Keywords: co-delivery nanoparticles; combinatorial therapy; EGFR TKI resistance; non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); overcoming and preventing resistance; Introduction Among the malignant diseases, lung cancer takes the lead

• targeting motifs, multifunctional and multistage nanomicelles and polymer nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid nanocarriers, combined with precision oncology research to identify additional targetable biomarkers, have emerged. Some have been applied in the co-delivery of clinically relevant combinations

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• batch-to-batch variations [33]. Also, non-biodegradability and long-term toxicity are limitations of inorganic nanocarriers [34]. The purpose of this study was to fabricate BBR nanoparticles (BBR NPs) without using any nanocarriers, thus reducing production cost, increasing the drug concentration, and

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• permeation mechanism [6][9][10]. Nanocarriers can be used together with polymeric MNs in a synergistic therapy. The nanocarriers can immediately come into contact with the stratum corneum with the help of polymeric MNs, enhancing the transdermal drug delivery of the drugs. Furthermore, these polymeric MNs

• can encapsulate several types of nanocarriers, making it a unique system with different activities [11]. Solid MNs are used for pre-treatment of the skin. They serve only to create micropores, increasing permeability and facilitating the administration of the drug. The drug will be inserted over the

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• they contain sufficient water content in their structure [9]. In the literature, there is only one review study of nanocarriers in which ETHs, developed with natural compounds/plant extracts, are used in the field of cosmetics. In that study, information is given about the use of ETHs developed with

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• nanoparticle platforms for drug delivery transition from novelties to foundational biomedical technologies [1][2][3], it is critical to augment the existing strategies with precisely engineered nanocarriers that are better equipped to maneuver the host of barriers that exist in clinical translation [4][5

• –circularity (7.9), but appear to have very little in common with INS (0.1). The diameter–roundness relationship of INS/HSA SPNPs is a combination of the factors observed in HSA (3.6) and INS (3.5). Conclusion In this work, we expand the conceptual framework of SPNP nanocarriers in a systematic way, while

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• spheroid diameter and up to 74 ± 8.9% of cell death after two weeks. In addition, they also inhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) pump activity in both cell lines suggesting effectivity in MDR cancers. Among the tested MFe2O4 NPs, CFO nanocarriers were the most favorable for targeted cancer therapy due to

• excellent magnetic, colloidal, cytotoxic, and biocompatible aspects. However, detailed mechanistic, in vivo cytotoxicity, and magnetic-field-assisted studies are required to fully exploit these nanocarriers in therapeutic applications. Keywords: anticancer drugs; doxorubicin; drug carriers; in vitro

• side effects of conventional therapeutic agents [4]. Functionalized nanoparticles have the potential to improve the therapeutic performance of drugs by regulating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics [5]. Moreover, water compatibility of nanocarriers provides better chemical stability and

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

• ; Introduction A variety of nanomaterial (NM)-enabled products have already been marketed [1][2] and there is considerable interest in the development of novel engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for a variety of applications. Nanomedicine, including ENM-based therapeutic agents, nanocarriers (i.e., targeted drug

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• internalization, as compared to conventional therapies, potentially increasing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects [4]. Nanosystems can be referred to as nanocarriers, nanoformulations, nanosized-delivery systems, and other similar terms. They have been utilized in the design of cellular and

• respond to various external stimuli such as light [125], magnetic fields [126], ultrasound [127] and electric fields [128], or magnetic nanocarriers that respond to changes in pH by increasing the selectivity of the release site [129]. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). Magnetic nanoparticles contain molecules

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• site [11]. Nanotechnology provides a means to overcome these hurdles as nanocarriers, which improve the pharmacological properties of free drugs, contribute to enhanced therapeutic efficacy in physiological environment [12]. Nanocarriers as multifunctional tumor targeting and therapeutic agents exhibit

• may be responsible for the laser-triggered release of DOX. These findings are consistent with previous studies [23]. PSS-GNRs nanocomplex biocompatibility Dose-dependent biocompatibility and cytotoxicity efficiency of the nanocarriers were measured in vitro. The efficiency of the GNRs in mediating

• biocompatibility of nanocarriers [23]. Analysis of hemoglobin released from RBCs after incubation in a suspension of PSS-GNRs showed less than 20% hemolysis at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL (Figure 4b). The experiments revealed a good biocompatibility of PSS-GNRs, which was quantified by the concentration of

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• surface charge), cell membrane properties (fluidity, type of receptors, and receptor density), and cell type [30][31][32]. For biomedical applications, the optimal size of nanocarriers is in the range of 95–200 nm because of the higher accumulation rate in tumors [33][34]. Spherical nanoparticles (NPs) in

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• . In this study, raw SWCNTs were purified with different oxidizing acids, and the resulting shortened CNTs were conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polyethylenimine (PEI). The different nanocarriers, that is, CNTs-COOH (CNTs), CNTs-PEG and CNTs-PEG-PEI, were systematically characterized and

• attributed to their good dispersibility and comparably higher affinity to tumor cells due to the difunctionalization. In summary, the PEG- and PEI-conjugated CNTs may be used as novel nanocarriers and the findings will contribute to the rational design of multifunctional delivery vehicles for anticancer

• functionalization was supposed to attenuate the premature removal and loss of nanocarriers, and also to improve the targeting to the tumor site. The physical and chemical properties of CNTs-PEG-PEI were systematically characterized and doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most potent anticancer drugs applied in

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• infiltrated these macrophages in spheroids of tumor cells and destroyed the cells by hyperthermia in vitro [125]. Moghimi et al. [124] found that liposomes and polymeric nanospheres used as nanocarriers are also opsonized, which promotes their clearance by macrophage activation. The opsonization also leads to