Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• microporosity of the materials is critical for an efficient ORR. Keywords: amorphous carbon; graphitized carbon; hydrothermal carbonization; nitridation; nitrogen doping; oxygen reduction reaction (ORR); porosity; Introduction Fuel cells and metal–air batteries are important renewable energy technologies

• detailed discussion of the changes during nitridation regarding chemistry, structure and morphology combined with a correlation of the ORR activity for these materials has been, to our knowledge, not provided. In this study we also added a discussion on the influence of a higher degree of graphitization on

• approach [36]. They were either directly nitrided (nitrided carbon spheres, NCSs) or graphitized and then nitrided (graphitized nitrided carbon spheres, g-NCSs). Heat treatments, which are necessary for the nitridation but also for the graphitization, were performed between 550 and 1000 °C (with steps of

Nanostructure-directed chemical sensing: The IHSAB principle and the dynamics of acid/base-interface interaction

• James L. Gole and
• William Laminack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 20–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.3

• gas and metal oxides. The dynamic interaction of NO with TiO2, SnO2, NiO, CuxO, and AuxO (x >> 1), in order of decreasing acidity, demonstrates this effect. Interactions with the metal-oxide-decorated interface can be modified by the in situ nitridation of the oxide nanoparticles, enhancing the

• analytes considered forms the basis for selectivity based on the combinatorial arrangement of arrays of decorated n-, p-, and p+-type PS interfaces, for which the interfacial structure of Figure 1 can be generated. Nitridation of the metal oxides can be used to modify the nanostructure island site basicity

• through in situ transformation to the corresponding oxinitrides. The degree of nitridation can be used to introduce a progressively increasing basicity. The transformation is accomplished in a manner analogous to that applied to the facile conversion of nanostructured TiO2 to TiO2−xNx [9][10]. This in