Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils

• Simona Povilonienė,
• Vida Časaitė,
• Virginijus Bukauskas,
• Arūnas Šetkus,
• Juozas Staniulis and
• Rolandas Meškys

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 124–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.12

• distinct features (e.g., size, shape, secondary structure) of in vitro-assembled α-Syn fibrils can be modulated by varying experimental conditions such as pH, ionic strength, temperature, etc. [14][15][16]. Also, several factors, including oxidative stress, post-translational modifications, proteolysis

Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin

• Annika Vogt,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Berouz Nazemi,
• Chun Sik Choe,
• Maxim E. Darvin,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Ulrike Blume-Peytavi,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Christina Graf,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Martina C. Meinke and
• Jürgen Lademann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245

• antioxidant levels as indicators of oxidative stress [16], it is now increasingly being used to study particle–skin interactions [17][18]. Yet, not all particle types are equally suited for such investigations. In the following, we report our results on confocal Raman microscopy for analyzing the skin

• alterations were correlated with those findings (unpublished data). TEM studies confirmed intracellular uptake of AgNP accumulation in vesicles, most likely endosomes (Figure 2b). Toxicity of metal particles is widely attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [38] and oxidative stress

• . Reported studies on nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress use different read-outs for radical production including fluorochromic assays [39], depletion of antioxidants [40], enzyme activity (e.g., catalase [41], superoxide dismutase), or oxidative DNA damage. For example, reactive oxygen species-mediated

Nanobioarchitectures based on chlorophyll photopigment, artificial lipid bilayers and carbon nanotubes

• Marcela Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu,
• Stefan Marian Iordache,
• Ana Maria Iordache,
• Nicoleta Badea and
• Camelia Ungureanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.240

• oxidative stress. Luminol was introduced as light amplifier in this system in order to increase the detection sensitivity of activated oxygen species. The antioxidant activity (AA, %) was calculated as a percentage of free radical scavenging of each sample using: where I0 is the maximum CL intensity for a

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• ]. Silver-mediated oxidative stress can lead to the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory genes [53][54][55]. For example, we previously demonstrated that Ag-NP-induced an activation of hMSCs and monocytes that was characterized by differential cytokine release (e.g

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• types (alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells), adverse effects were also only found at high silver concentrations. The silver ions that are released from silver nanoparticles may be harmful to skin with disrupted barrier (e.g., wounds) and induce oxidative stress in skin cells

• nanoparticles neither caused toxicity nor oxidative stress, while an incubation for 4 h with 100 µM (10.8 µg mL−1) silver in the form of silver nitrate strongly damaged cultured astrocytes and deprived these cells almost completely of the important antioxidant glutathione [108]. The high resistance of cultured

• , i.e., oxidative stress and different pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, were observed. Compared to a representative lung deposition attributable to occupational exposure of 5–100 nm silver nanoparticles calculated after 24 h, as described by Gangwal et al. [131], an expected deposited dose in

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• expression of genes responding to oxidative stress were observed [73]. However, Xing et al. [74] observed that embryonic stem cells responded to incubation with NDs with an increased expression of MOGG-1 and P53, which are proteins related to DNA repair processes. This genotoxicity was increased when cells

Biocompatibility of cerium dioxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells

• Claudia Strobel,
• Martin Förster and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1795–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.190

• increase in oxidative stress after CeO2 nanoparticles exposure was shown [25][26][27]. Under certain circumstances nanoparticles can pass specific biological barriers (e.g., skin via wounds or lesions) and ultimately enter the blood vessel system. In consequence, interactions between endothelial cells and

• nanoparticles. Several studies reported either anti-oxidative properties or an increase of oxidative stress. In particular 8 nm-sized CeO2 nanoparticles suppressed ROS production [45], while 30 nm-sized nanoparticles induced oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) [25]. Therefore, general

• cytokine/cell). Determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after nanoparticle exposure To assess the oxidative stress after nanoparticle exposure, the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using the OxiSelect™ Intracellular ROS Assay Kit (Green Fluorescence, Cell Biolabs, Inc., USA

Precise quantification of silica and ceria nanoparticle uptake revealed by 3D fluorescence microscopy

• Adriano A. Torrano and
• Christoph Bräuchle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1616–1624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.173

• properties have been described as beneficial applications in nanomedicine [17][18][19]. On the other hand, oxidative stress and impaired cell viability were shown to be a function of the particle dose and the exposure time [1][20]. However, most of the studies concerning the interaction of silica and ceria

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• induced IL-8 already at much lower diesel exhaust particle concentrations deposited at the ALI in comparison to submerged exposure [40]. ALI and submerged exposure have also recently been compared for their response to a chemical inducer of oxidative stress. In line with our findings, a tetra-culture of

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• inducing toxic effects due to oxidative stress. These effects are reviewed elsewhere in more detail [82][83], while this paragraph further focuses on noble metals such as gold for which ion release is negligible. Biocompatible Au-SMS were synthesized in a cylindrical batch where laser-generated gold

• relevant in AuAg nanoparticles, composed of two metals with deviating redox potentials. Additionally, it should be noted that ion release and oxidative stress are not necessarily independent. For example, in the case of ZnO nanoparticles the formation of ROS due to released Zn2+ ions was reported to be the

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• clearly can trigger toxic effects in cells such as cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, (pro-)inflammation, and genotoxicity [150][151][152]. While again the detailed mechanisms are very complex and by far not understood in a comprehensive way, yet again there are certain characteristic features [153]. Toxic

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• (diameter 100 nm; coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone: PVP). Ag NPs were found to be highly aggregated within ALI exposed cells with no impairment of cell morphology. Furthermore, a significant increase in release of cytotoxic (LDH), oxidative stress (SOD-1, HMOX-1) or pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-8

• , increased levels of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected over a time period of 48 h [22][25][26]. Environmental stressors trigger the production of intracellular ROS, which can overwhelm the cellular antioxidant defence system. ROS can cause DNA damage, which results in the

• could be observed when simultaneously exposed with Ag NPs. Ag NPs were not found to interfere with the ELISA assay (data not shown). Gene expression of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers As described in [44], the total RNA content of the triple cell co-cultures was collected 4 and 24 h after

Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• Appelrot et al. have found the antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles to be due to the generation of ROS by the NPs attached to the bacterial cells, which in turn enhanced the intracellular oxidative stress [25]. By using electron microscopy they also detected the presence of small nanoparticles of

Manipulation of isolated brain nerve terminals by an external magnetic field using D-mannose-coated γ-Fe₂O₃ nano-sized particles and assessment of their effects on glutamate transport

• Tatiana Borisova,
• Natalia Krisanova,
• Arsenii Borуsov,
• Roman Sivko,
• Ludmila Ostapchenko,
• Michal Babic and
• Daniel Horak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.90

• higher Ti contents in the hippocampus region. This lead to oxidative stress in the brain of exposed mice, an increase in the activity of catalase, and the excessive release of glutamic acid and nitric oxide [29]. In this study, neurotoxic effects of D-mannose-coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been

Near-infrared dye loaded polymeric nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy and cellular response after laser-induced heating

• Tingjun Lei,
• Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez,
• Romila Manchanda,
• Yen-Chih Huang and
• Anthony J. McGoron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 313–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.35

• (STATs) to the HSP70 promoters in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) [32]. This group exposed VSMCs to H2O2 and found that the cytoplasmic janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT pathway can up-regulate HSP70 and minimize oxidative stress effects on the cells. The inhibition of HSP70 expression under laser

Cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles after intratracheal instillation in rats

• Nadine Haberl,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Alexander Wenk,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling and
• Carsten Schleh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 933–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.105

• times did not cause adverse health effects in rats as measured by lung function, hematology, and body weight chances [25][26]. The mechanisms of toxicity are proposed to be oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the modulation of cytokine production [20]. In addition, Liu et al. showed that AgNP undergo