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Search for "permeation" in Full Text gives 53 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10
- applications in life sciences [8]. In general, CPPs can be defined as diverse peptides with a maximal length of 30 amino acids. They are characterized by a high content of basic amino acids and an overall positive charge. CPPs are known to have a high rate of permeation into cells and are able to cross
Advanced hybrid nanomaterials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247
- fire retardancy and gas permeation in a low molecular weight epoxy resin [28]. Regarding specific applications, the dielectric properties were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) in “Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic
Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222
- 8 h and could permeate through the porcine oral mucosa. Cytotoxicity testing revealed that the formulations were selective to cancer cells over healthy cells. Therefore, these systems could improve the physicochemical characteristics of curcumin by providing improved release and permeation, while
- selectivity targeting cancer cells. Keywords: curcumin; mucoadhesion; oral squamous cell carcinoma; permeation; poloxamer 407; Introduction The development of nanostructured systems containing poloxamer 407 (P407) and Carbopol 974P® (C974P) have previously been shown to have rheological and mechanical
- due to some important characteristics. They can provide intimate contact between the dosage form and tissue, which could guarantee high drug flux through the absorbing tissue to subsequently increase drug permeation and bioavailability [14][15]. In addition, the incorporation of thermoresponsive
Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220
- was loaded (EE% of ≈68%) very efficiently into the nanoparticles. Finally, the permeability of muco-penetrating PLGA NPs through pulmonary human mucus was assessed; small NPs with a diameter of less than 100 nm showed fast permeation, underlining the potential of microfluidics for such pharmaceutical
- permeation of the particles through mucus, small particles are required. To ensure proper treatment, it is necessary to reach the target dose; therefore, a high drug loading into the NP carrier is necessary to compensate for their small size in order to reach the target dose. In this study, the encapsulation
- stabilizer concentration Additionally, to aid the successfully permeation of the NPs through mucus without being trapped, the PLGA NPs can be coated with a muco-inert stabilizer. Using the appropriate stabilizing molecules could reduce the interaction with mucus, and at the same time, foster stability of the
Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153
- thickness. The prepared materials were capable of selective permeation. In contrast to the two previous reports in which one of the COF monomers was dissolved into the aqueous phase, Matsumoto et al. confined the polymerization to the interface by segregating the catalyst from the COF monomers (Figure 13
Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16
- Japanese researchers reported that nanoparticles present a passive tendency to be accumulated into tumoral tissues [5]. This passive accumulation, also known as passive or primary targeting, is called “enhanced permeation and retention (EPR)” effect and is one of the keystones of tumour treatment with the
Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269
- molecular weight epoxy resin based on bisphenol A was used as a polymer matrix. The prepared samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Flammability and gas permeation tests were also performed
- acceleration voltage of 20 kV. Powder X-ray diffraction data were obtained with a D8-Advance diffractometer, Bruker, Germany, with a Bragg–Brentano θ–θ geometry and with an EMPYREAN diffractometer, PANalytical, Netherlands (in both cases using Cu Kα radiation). The barrier properties for gas permeation were
The inhibition effect of water on the purification of natural gas with nanoporous graphene membranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1906–1916, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.182
- permeation. In the extreme case, when the nanopore rim contains only nitrogen atoms, water agglomerates at the center of the nanopore and effectively closes down the permeation path. The conclusions are confirmed by the analysis of stability and kinetics of hydrogen bonds. Keywords: graphene membrane
- of factors to consider regarding graphene as a separation membrane. Commonly applied membranes for gas separation are approximately several micrometers thick. As membrane permeation is inversely proportional to the membrane thickness, nanoporous graphene undoubtedly surpasses the expectations of
- permeation rate due to hydrogen-bonding with the nanopore rim. In this paper, by means of classical molecular dynamics, we discuss such an inhibiting effect of water on the gas permeability. Employing different nanopores functionalized by hydrogen and nitrogen atoms, we conduct theoretical studies on the
Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22
- , lamellar lipid membranes can be used as a synthetic model system of stratum corneum, the outermost layer of epidermis, for evaluating the transdermal permeation efficiency of drug molecules in vitro [110], which has an implication in skin disease study [111]. Moreover, topical formulations of LC
Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155
- of grain boundaries by the smoothness of the BCB layer. However, it only works when Parylene C/BCB bilayer system is used. By applying a bilayer encapsulation system, the defects in the Parylene C film underneath are blocked by the BCB layer. The permeation path for water vapor and oxygen becomes
Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO2 detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103
- layer mainly consisting of flakes rather than grains promotes greater gas diffusion inside the bulk, thanks to a larger effective volume, thereby indicating the dead-volume among the adjacent structures, which is available for the gas permeation. This can explain the higher adsorption observed on D-AO
BTEX detection with composites of ethylenevinyl acetate and nanostructured carbon
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 982–988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.100
- ). The samples were dried at room temperature [20]. The schematic structure and the dimensions are illustrated in Figure 1. Methods Gas-sensing measurements were carried out using a Kin-Tek FlexStream automated permeation tube system with a benzene permeation tube and synthetic air as carrier gas. A
- automated permeation tube system. As expected the measured effect decreases with increasing Kin-Tek carrier gas flow (Figure 5a) because the faster gas flow does not allow the molecules to adsorb. In Figure 5 we can see that at 500 ppm, the value of ∆R/R0 max for ethylbenzene is over 0.08 while for benzene
Bio-inspired micro-to-nanoporous polymers with tunable stiffness
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 906–914, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.92
- peak-maximum (Mp) average molar mass of untreated and foamed samples were determined by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC, also known as gel-permeation chromatography, GPC) using an Agilent 1200 Series GPC-SEC system equipped with columns from Polymer Standards Service (PSS SDV Lux 5μm, 1000 Å and 105
α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67
- permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements with refractive index (RI) detector. 1H NMR (300 MHz, D2O) δ 8.05 (m, 4H), 4.53 (m, 2H), 3.67 (m, 488H); ATR-IR (cm−1): 2947 (sh, v(CH)), 2885 (s, v(CH)), 2742 (vw, v(CH)), 2696 (vw, v(CH)), 1724 (w, v(C=O)), 1466 (m, δ(CH2)), 1412 (w, δ(CH2)), 1358 (w, δ(CH2), v
- removed from the heating bath for DLS and zeta-potential measurements. Analytical methods Gel permeation chromatography. GPC measurements were done on two 300 × 8 mm2 PSS-GRAM (7 µm particles) columns with porosities of 102–103 Å in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP + 0.5 wt % LiBr at 70 °C and a flow rate of
Liquid permeation and chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 561–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.60
- , Russia 10.3762/bjnano.8.60 Abstract A study on the chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes and their performance in long-term water and organic solvent permeation experiments is reported. Anodic alumina possesses high stability for both protonic and aprotonic organic solvents. However, serious
- during degradation of the membranes. Several pathways for improving the AAO stability and performance are suggested. Results and Discussions The permeation of liquids through freshly prepared AAO membranes agrees well with Darcy’s law: liquid flux linearly depends on transmembrane pressure (Figure 1a
- permeation experiments were performed for the AAO_120V membrane (Figure 3a,b). AAO membranes were found chemically stable over a wide pH range (3–9) with a mass loss during two hours with solvent immersion below the accuracy limit (0.01%, Table 1). The obtained stability range slightly exceeds the values
Characterization of spherical domains at the polystyrene thin film–water interface
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.51
- contact with water suggested that the film stretches and deforms after being exposed to water. The permeation of water at the PS–silicon interface, caused by osmosis or defects present on the film, can be a reasonable explanation for the nucleation of these spherical domains. Keywords: AFM; blisters
- ; contaminants; defects; nanobubbles; water permeation; Introduction Thin films of several nanometer thickness have long been a topic of interest for researchers. The application of such thin films has been demonstrated in nonvolatile memory devices [1], sensors [2][3], for the modification of emissive
- these might be gaseous bubbles, but rather indicate the likelihood of deformed or stretched PS film [26]. Analysis of the PS film after exposure to water It is proposed that if these objects are not gaseous bubbles, then they are most likely blisters or deformed PS film due to permeation of water
Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24
- . This has obvious implications in hydrogen storage applications, for example, where hydrogen permeation into Pd [52] is inhibited by a sulfidic layer. While it might not seem surprising that such dissociative processes may take place on reactive substrates, it is noteworthy that this has been invoked
Fabrication and characterization of novel multilayered structures by stereocomplexion of poly(D-lactic acid)/poly(L-lactic acid) and self-assembly of polyelectrolytes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 81–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.10
- between the (PDLA/PLLA)n stereocomplex and the cores with and without the polymeric (PSS/PAH)n/PLL multilayer precursor (PEM). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to characterize the chemical composition and molecular weight of poly(lactic acid) polymers
- planar supports, and then transferred onto spherical sacrificial templates, in order to build hollow microcapsules. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to characterize the chemical composition and molecular weight of synthetic PLA polymers. Ellipsometry and
Surface engineering of nanoporous substrate for solid oxide fuel cells with atomic layer-deposited electrolyte
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1805–1810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.184
- pinhole issues causing gas permeation and electrode diffusion due to the rough surface of porous substrates [5]. This drawback necessitates conformal and dense thin film electrolytes, and can appreciably be relieved with an aid of atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique that is governed by binary reaction
Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151
- permeation enhancer via altering of the cell membrane integrity [60]. Moreover, bile salts form micells in aequeous solutions, enhancing transport of foreign substances [61]. This clearly shows that further research activities (e.g.; liquid-state AFM imaging using simulated intestinal fluid) are required to
Electron-stimulated purification of platinum nanostructures grown via focused electron beam induced deposition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 907–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.94
- that the process propagates top–down; 3) studied variable current and scanning parameters; 4) compared the purification rate as a function of beam energy; 5) compared the purification of pseudo-1-dimensional wires; and 6) introduced an adsorption/permeation and reaction model, which can mimic the
- loss in the PtC5 layer in Figure 4b as a function of beam energy. Also shown is the normalized purification rate from our adsorption/permeation and electron stimulated reaction model as will be overviewed below. As demonstrated, good agreement between the experimental and simulated plots is observed
- incorporates the O2 1) surface adsorption, 2) permeation/diffusion, 3) preferential O2–Pt adsorption, 4) electron stimulated reaction, and 5) subsequent COx out-diffusion. Purification experiments were simulated using a hybrid numerical approximation consisting of (1) a Monte Carlo electron scattering
Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238
- cancer cells; paclitaxel; supramolecular complex; Review Introduction As a means of delivering a drug to a target effectively, the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect and reticuloendothelial system (RES) were enabled by using a polymer drug delivery system (DDS), and it is thought to
Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123
Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 887–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.101
- mM NaIO4) (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). Quantitative analysis of the crosslinked PEG products was performed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GPC results showed that the peak that appeared at 18 min of elution time is unreacted monomer (Standard data of unreacted monomer
- −1 in 10 mM phosphate buffered saline, pH 8.5), and the resulting molecular weight of the crosslinked PEGs was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Two GPC columns (OHpak SB-806M HQ and SB-804 HQ, Shodex®, Munich, Germany) were connected in series and equilibrated with phosphate
Classical molecular dynamics investigations of biphenyl-based carbon nanomembranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.98
- instance be investigated by means of gas permeation. In addition, the classical picture of point-like particles and voids is somewhat misleading since it does not display the spatial electronic density. In addition the voids suggest that there is no interaction, but the classical carbon–carbon potential
- [4][17]. Are STM investigations able to discriminate between the scenarios [3][21][23]? Are gas permeation experiments and bulge tests of Young’s moduli meaningful checks of the structure [16]? And how do our findings transfer to the many other nanomembranes produced from very different precursors
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