Hydrophobic interaction governs unspecific adhesion of staphylococci: a single cell force spectroscopy study

• Nicolas Thewes,
• Peter Loskill,
• Philipp Jung,
• Henrik Peisker,
• Markus Bischoff,
• Mathias Herrmann and
• Karin Jacobs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1501–1512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.163

• repetitive DNA sequences that are thought to facilitate the plasticity of genomes by allowing for enhanced genomic diversification due to recombinational events [5]. Although the S. carnosus genome encodes some homologues of adhesion factors found in S. aureus, it lacks the majority of adhesive molecules of

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

A nanometric cushion for enhancing scratch and wear resistance of hard films

• Katya Gotlib-Vainshtein,
• Olga Girshevitz,
• Chaim N. Sukenik,
• David Barlam and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1005–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.114

• local stress, both junction growth and plowing could be reduced. Hard on soft/flexible structures also result in a larger threshold for plasticity [15]. Friction has both theoretical and practical interest in materials science in general, and polymer science in particular, with applications ranging from

Scale effects of nanomechanical properties and deformation behavior of Au nanoparticle and thin film using depth sensing nanoindentation

• Dave Maharaj and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 822–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.94

• observable effects such as the ISE and Hall–Petch effect. The mechanisms of each are given in the following sections. In the case of the ISE, contributions to enhanced hardness can occur in either single or polycrystalline nano-objects. Indentation size effect: Strain gradient plasticity Indentation of

• the grain boundary and the grain interior, from multiplication and growth of an existing dislocation and from geometrically necessary dislocations needed to accommodate strain gradient. Illustration of the strain gradient plasticity theory in which high strain gradients occur at shallow indentation

Deformation-induced grain growth and twinning in nanocrystalline palladium thin films

• Aaron Kobler,
• Jochen Lohmiller,
• Jonathan Schäfer,
• Michael Kerber,
• Anna Castrup,
• Ankush Kashiwar,
• Patric A. Gruber,
• Karsten Albe,
• Horst Hahn and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 554–566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.64

• mechanisms as both investigated sample sets showed comparable grain sizes in the initial state, but a dependence on the initial twin density is evident. The present simulation shows that dislocation plasticity is active and as a consequence twinning/detwinning processes take place during deformation. Carlton

• et al. estimated the dislocations required for purely dislocation based plasticity by with d the grain size, εgrain the strain in the grain (here considered to be 4%) and b the burgers vector, here considered for the slip system {111} and <110>, resulting in an average of 6.1 dislocations per grain

Plasticity of nanocrystalline alloys with chemical order: on the strength and ductility of nanocrystalline Ni–Fe

• Jonathan Schäfer and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 542–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.63

• considered as a possible route for achieving room temperature ductility in this otherwise brittle class of materials [1][2]. The underlying assumption is that for very small grain sizes plasticity can be carried by grain boundary (GB) mediated processes rather than by energetically expensive superlattice

• dislocation density show a dependence on the amount of solute, distributed randomly in the grain interior, even though dislocations are the major carrier of plasticity under the given conditions [32]. We conclude that for the presented case stresses required for dislocation nucleation from the GBs are so high

• deformation. This is consistent with other studies, where it was reported that during the initial stages of deformation, GB plasticity contributes more significantly to the overall plastic deformation [32]. We conclude that the amount of solutes inside the GB or the equilibration state of the GBs is of

Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials

• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 517–533, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.61

• intersecting multiple shear bands that nucleate at the glass–glass interfaces of the nanoglass. In fact, along the tensile direction, the nanoglass clusters were noted to be stretched and a considerable fraction of the plasticity seems to originate from the elongation of these clusters [8]. The interpretation

• [42][43] of the different plastic deformation modes of the ribbon and of the nanoglass as resulting from numerous intersecting multiple shear bands that nucleate at the glass/glass interfaces of the nanoglass seems to agree with the following observations on the enhanced plasticity of glasses. Lee et

• al. [44] obtained enhanced plasticity in ZrCuNiAl glasses with a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of hard regions surrounded by soft ones. Other approaches, such as cold rolling [44], elastostatic compression [45] or nanometer-sized structural heterogeneities [46][47] have also been shown to

Plasticity of Cu nanoparticles: Dislocation-dendrite-induced strain hardening and a limit for displacive plasticity

• Antti Tolvanen and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 173–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.17

• radius is reduced below 1.3 Å we observe a transition from displacive plasticity to solid-state amorphisation. Keywords: dislocation interactions; mechanical properties; molecular dynamics; nanoparticle; simulation; Introduction In macroscopic metals, the plastic flow is carried by the continuous

• dislocation sources, such as Frank–Read sources, are suppressed. This is commonly cited as the reason for the high mechanical strength of nanoscale materials [1]. Nanoscale systems also exhibit modes of plasticity not encountered in their macroscopic counterparts. Nanowires, for example, tend to respond to

• high tensile strain rates by amorphisation [2] attributed to the kinetic energy of atoms exceeding the enthalpy of fusion [3]. Also, a near-surface nanodisturbance path, where, instead of conventional displacive plasticity, nanoscopic areas of plastic shear accommodate the stress, was reported for Ag

Towards 4-dimensional atomic force spectroscopy using the spectral inversion method

• Jeffrey C. Williams and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 87–93, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.10

• with attractive van der Waals interactions. Results and Discussion Characterization of rate-dependent phenomena The ability to recover rate-dependent signatures of the tip–sample forces presents a unique opportunity to study phenomena such as plasticity, viscoelasticity and biomolecular binding and

• implementation of this procedure. Despite the unsolved challenges, the proposed approach could, in combination with future instrumentation and cantilever upgrades, enable studies in which rate-dependent phenomena, such as viscoelasticity and plasticity, are characterized in real time by using tapping-mode atomic

Effect of normal load and roughness on the nanoscale friction coefficient in the elastic and plastic contact regime

• Aditya Kumar,
• Thorsten Staedler and
• Xin Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 66–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.7

• account for elastic–plastic asperity contacts, Chang (CEB model [7][8]) extended the GW model to an elastic–plastic regime assuming the volume conservation law for asperities. However, the CEB model neglects the higher plasticity of the contact in resistance to the additional tangential loading. Later

• plasticity index and contact load. Their recent work [10] showed that the static friction coefficient (ratio of friction force and normal load) depends on the external force and nominal contact area. Recently, FEM based work by Flores et al. [11] showed that the apparent friction coefficient at a low level

• roughness on the contact characteristics we calculated various plasticity indices that have been proposed in the literature. The first here is the one given by the GW model [5][6], (E*/H)(σsks)1/2, where H is the hardness, E* is the reduced Young’s modulus, σs is the surface roughness, and ks is the

Scanning probe microscopy and related methods

• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 155–157, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.18

• gives insight into fascinating phenomena, such as metal-superconductor transitions or metal-insulator transitions. Another important development is related to nanomechanics, where phenomena, such as friction, wear, elasticity and plasticity are studied on an atomic scale. Atomic friction has been