Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• pomegranate juice without interference of ascorbic acid, fructose, potassium nitrate and barbituric acid. The obtained data were compared with the standard Folin–Ciocalteu spectrophotometric results. Keywords: electrochemical sensor; gallic acid; multiwalled carbon nanotubes; pomegranate juice; total

• , pomegranate juice has attracted more scientific attention because of its valuable health effects; especially due to its high content of phenolic compounds [17]. It is a complex drink and a rich source of antioxidants such as phenolic acids, tannins, anthocyanins, procyanidins, and flavonol glycosides [18

• modified and characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronocoulometry. To validate the suggested procedure, the determination of total phenolic content in pomegranate juice was performed using square-wave voltammetry. The results collected at