Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• (Figure 3). Characterization was carried out by a multitude of different techniques, such as GPC, TEM, TGA, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. In 2008, Echegoyen et al. reported a first supramolecular CNO/Zn-porphyrin complex [32] (Scheme 5). In this set up, acid-treated CNOs bearing carboxylic acid

• increase of the degree of functionalization (Figure 4). All kinds of functionalization led to an increased dispersibility of the CNOs. In a next step, the CNO–TMS acetylide material was first deprotected and then the free acetylene group was coupled with zinc triphenyl azidophenyl porphyrin in a copper

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• gap of 0.87 eV, while the IPCE was calculated to be 1.3% [45]. Along the same lines, when hydroxy-functionalized porphyrin (H2P) was condensed onto GO sheets, the GO–H2P hybrid material showed enhanced non-linear optical (NLO) properties, which were mainly ascribed to photo-induced electron-transfer

• taken to associate porphyrin units with GO, an imidazolium ionic-liquid was conjugated to GO forming an amide bond. The presence of the positively charged imidazolium moiety allows the modulation of the dispersibility of the modified GO material in aqueous media and organic solvents by simply exchanging

• and altering the counter anion of the imidazolium unit. More importantly, when an anionic porphyrin was incorporated as counter anion to the GO–ionic-liquid hybrid material, electronic interactions between the porphyrin and the GO lattice were identified [48]. Zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) as

Electron-beam induced deposition and autocatalytic decomposition of Co(CO)₃NO

• Florian Vollnhals,
• Martin Drost,
• Fan Tu,
• Esther Carrasco,
• Andreas Späth,
• Rainer H. Fink,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1175–1185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.129

• sizes [13], the possibility of 3D fabrication, e.g., pillars, and rapid prototyping capabilities [14]. A related FEBIP approach is electron-beam induced surface activation (EBISA) [7]. In EBISA, a suitable substrate, e.g., SiOx [7][15][16][17][18], TiO2 [19], or a thin porphyrin film on Ag(111) [8], is

• precursor for the fabrication of nanostructures by using EBISA on silicon oxide surfaces. An alternative approach could be to use different substrates for EBISA: It was shown recently by our group that it is possible to activate thin layers of large organic molecules (2H-tetraphenyl porphyrin) on metal

Fullerenes as adhesive layers for mechanical peeling of metallic, molecular and polymer thin films

• Maria B. Wieland,
• Anna G. Slater,
• Barry Mangham,
• Neil R. Champness and
• Peter H. Beton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 394–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.46

• of this molecular adhesive layer provides a new route to transfer polymeric films from metal substrates to other surfaces as we demonstrate for an assembly of covalently-coupled porphyrins. Keywords: polymerisation; porphyrin; surface; thin film; transfer; Introduction The mechanical removal of

• process steps. Results and Discussion The transfer process is shown schematically in Figure 1, in which a porphyrin/C60/PDMS layer (Figure 1a) is formed on a gold surface. The overall aim of our approach is to remove the organic layer (the porphyrin thin film (or monolayer)) from the gold, but we consider

• by annealing the sample at 300 °C under vacuum conditions, or by dissolving the C60 in toluene or carbon disulfide. To utilize these adhesive properties of fullerene as a means to transfer organic material, test layers of porphyrin thin films down to monolayer level were introduced between the gold

Adsorption of the ionic liquid [BMP][TFSA] on Au(111) and Ag(111): substrate effects on the structure formation investigated by STM

• Benedikt Uhl,
• Florian Buchner,
• Dorothea Alwast,
• Nadja Wagner and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 903–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.102

• at the elbow sites as compared to the other surface areas, similar to findings for metal epitaxy, e.g., Ni/Au(111) [33], or adsorption of large molecules such as porphyrin molecules [34]. The (short-range) ordering of the adsorbates in the islands was checked by calculating a Fourier transformation

Kelvin probe force microscopy of nanocrystalline TiO₂ photoelectrodes

• Alex Henning,
• Gino Günzburger,
• Res Jöhr,
• Yossi Rosenwaks,
• Biljana Bozic-Weber,
• Catherine E. Housecroft,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 418–428, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.49

• ][10][11][12][13]. Recently, Yella et al. reported an efficiency of over 12% with a porphyrin-sensitized DSC and a cobalt(II/III) based redox electrolyte [14]. However, many details of the hybrid organic/inorganic interface and the influence of subsequent preparation steps on the device properties, e.g

Antiferromagnetic coupling of TbPc₂ molecules to ultrathin Ni and Co films

• David Klar,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Andrea Candini,
• Bernhard Krumme,
• Kurt Kummer,
• Philippe Ohresser,
• Valdis Corradini,
• Valentina de Renzi,
• Roberto Biagi,
• Loic Joly,
• Jean-Paul Kappler,
• Umberto del Pennino,
• Marco Affronte,
• Heiko Wende and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 320–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.36

• with regards to the applicability of magnetic molecules for industrial usage is the control of the magnetic properties. Mn- and Fe-porphyrin molecules were successfully coupled to ferromagnetic thin films, leading to the alignment of the magnetic moments of the metal ions parallel to the film [15][16

Approaches to nanostructure control and functionalizations of polymer@silica hybrid nanograss generated by biomimetic silica mineralization on a self-assembled polyamine layer

• Jian-Jun Yuan and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 760–773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.84

• exploited to functionalize the nanograss film with three representative species, namely porphyrin, Au nanoparticles and titania. Of particular note, the novel silica@titania composite nanograss surface demonstrated the ability to convert its wetting behavior between the extreme states (superhydrophobic

• silica-mineralization reaction conditions. We further demonstrate the use of amine chemistry of free LPEI or LPEI occluded in LPEI@silica nanoribbons for the functionalization of the nanograss film, by selecting three representative examples, chromophore (porphyrin), metal nanoparticle (Au) and oxide

• the heating process is undesirable for many biomimetic silica-derived technologies, such as the encapsulation of enzymes, cells or other temperature-sensitive biomolecules or systems [37][38]. LPEI@silica nanograss with porphyrin function The ethyleneimine units of LPEI have a strong ability to

Charge transport in a zinc–porphyrin single-molecule junction

• Mickael L. Perrin,
• Christian A. Martin,
• Ferry Prins,
• Ahson J. Shaikh,
• Rienk Eelkema,
• Jan H. van Esch,
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek,
• Herre S. J. van der Zant and
• Diana Dulić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 714–719, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.77

• )porphyrin) molecular junctions using the lithographic mechanically controllable break-junction (MCBJ) technique at room temperature and cryogenic temperature (6 K). We combined low-bias statistical measurements with spectroscopy of the molecular levels in the form of I(V) characteristics. This combination

• interpreted with care, and that the combination with I(V) spectroscopy represents an essential tool for a more detailed characterization of the charge transport in a single molecule. Keywords: mechanically controllable break junction; molecular conformation; molecular electronics; porphyrin; single-molecule

• -resonance transport. As such, spectroscopic information about molecular energy levels involved in the charge transport is lacking. Here, we investigate charge transport through a zinc(II) porphyrin [zinc(II) 5,15-di(p-thiolphenyl)-10,20-di(p-tolyl)porphyrin] with an axial pyridine ligand in both the low

Septipyridines as conformationally controlled substitutes for inaccessible bis(terpyridine)-derived oligopyridines in two-dimensional self-assembly

• Daniel Caterbow,
• Daniela Künzel,
• Michael G. Mavros,
• Axel Groß,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Ulrich Ziener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 405–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.46

• described in several examples in the literature. Most often, flexible substituents on more rigid core units lead to different conformers, which self-assemble in different 2D structures as shown, e.g., for porphyrin [16], phthalocyanine [17], and quinacridone derivatives [18], N,N-diphenyl oxalic amide [19

Oriented growth of porphyrin-based molecular wires on ionic crystals analysed by nc-AFM

• Thilo Glatzel,
• Lars Zimmerli,
• Shigeki Kawai,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Leslie-Anne Fendt and
• Francois Diederich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 34–39, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.4

• Abstract The growth of molecular assemblies at room temperature on insulating surfaces is one of the main goals in the field of molecular electronics. Recently, the directed growth of porphyrin-based molecular wires on KBr(001) was presented. The molecule–surface interaction associated with a strong dipole

• molecular assemblies can be formed. The electronic decoupling of the molecules by one or two monolayers of KBr from the Cu(111) substrate is found to be insufficient to enable comparable growth conditions to bulk ionic materials. Keywords: directed growth; KBr; molecular wires; NaCl; nc-AFM; porphyrin

• ][36]. In the work presented here we focus on the influence of the substrate on the growth process of meso-(4-cyanophenyl)-substituted Zn(II) porphyrin molecular wires self-assembled on KBr(001) and NaCl(001) studied by nc-AFM. We found that the lattice spacing of the ionic crystal has a direct impact