A review of demodulation techniques for amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Michael G. Ruppert,
• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael R. P. Ragazzon,
• S. O. Reza Moheimani and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1407–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.142

• appear in the amplitude error image, any imaging artifacts are either due to insufficient demodulator or cantilever bandwidth. In order to render the demodulator the bottleneck, the fundamental resonance at f1 ≈ 50 kHz of the DMASP cantilever is heavily damped with model-based quality factor control [68

Pulse-response measurement of frequency-resolved water dynamics on a hydrophilic surface using a Q-damped atomic force microscopy cantilever

• Masami Kageshima

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 260–266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.29

• stiffness was determined and is attributed to the reported solidification of the hydration layers. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; hydration; pulse-response; quality-factor control; viscoelasticity; Introduction Liquid solvation is a phenomenon common to a large variety of liquid–solid interfaces [1

• of quality-factor-control (Q-control) [29] is employed. The device for magnetic driving of the cantilever consists of two sections; a Q-control circuit for suppression of resonant ringing and a wide-band electromagnet driver, as shown in Figure 1. The Q-control section has an op-amp differentiator