Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy

• Torsten Bölke,
• Lisa Krapf,
• Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder,
• Tobias Vossmeyer,
• Jelena Dimitrijevic,
• Horst Weller,
• Anna Schüth,
• Antje Klinger,
• Gereon Hüttmann and
• Andreas Gebert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2016–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.210

• reconstructions of the original and our modified version in means of MSE (mean squared error) and MS-SSIM (multiscale structural similarity [23]) values (see Experimental). As shown in Figure 5, both metrics, MSE and MS-SSIM state improved reconstruction results of our proposed version compared to the original

• BM3D algorithm. A further quantitative evaluation was done by calculating the sharpness index (SI) of the reconstructions (see Experimental). While this metric is only rarely applied to evaluations of image reconstructions, it is often used for automated focusing of light microscopes [24]. The SI

• values largely differ between the reconstructions of the original BM3D algorithm and our modified version (Figure 6). The increased SI values indicate that our modifications lead to a reduced flattening of edges in the reconstructed images. Qualitative evaluation of the adapted algorithm In a series of

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• ]. The backscattering intensity varies depending on the material, presence of adsorbates, formation of surface reconstructions and other ordered structures, giving the means to distinguish lateral variations in such properties. In the basic operation mode, only one of the low energy electron diffraction

• ). This observation corresponds to the thinnest magnetite crystal that shows magnetism. Beyond the self-organized crystal shapes at the micrometer scale, epitaxial iron-oxide films provide a variety of complex surface reconstructions at the atomic scale as usual for oxide surfaces [74]. Fe3O4 films on Pt

Precise quantification of silica and ceria nanoparticle uptake revealed by 3D fluorescence microscopy

• Adriano A. Torrano and
• Christoph Bräuchle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1616–1624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.173

• type-dependent uptake kinetics of silica nanoparticles. The figure shows representative three-dimensional reconstructions of 310 nm silica nanoparticles interacting with HUVEC or HeLa cells after 3 and 24 h. The membrane region outlining the cells appears in gray. A window was purposefully open in the

Model systems for studying cell adhesion and biomimetic actin networks

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johannes P. Frohnmayer and
• Joachim P. Spatz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1193–1202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.131

• minimal cell system. The scale bar represents 10 μm (Reprinted with permission from [54]. Copyright (2009) Elsevier Ltd.) Dependence of actin/α-actinin network structures on the vesicle size. The 3D reconstructions of networks by confocal fluorescence microscopy (at a temperature of 4 °C). (A) Examples of

Constant chemical potential approach for quantum chemical calculations in electrocatalysis

• Wolfgang B. Schneider and
• Alexander A. Auer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 668–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.79

• to a neutral unit cell. However, there are several electrochemical phenomena for which it is clear that the explicit inclusion of the electrochemical potential is vital, namely the broad family of non-faradaic processes. This induces potential induced or lifted surface reconstructions [22] or the

Polynomial force approximations and multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• Daniel Platz,
• Daniel Forchheimer,
• Erik A. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 352–360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.41

• interaction is purely attractive in the blue shaded area, becoming repulsive in the red shaded area. A surface property map showing the DMT stiffness factor ε [N m–3/2] with a histogram of the stiffness factor. Comparison of force reconstructions for a tip interacting with silicon oxide. Polynomial

Noncontact atomic force microscopy study of the spinel MgAl₂O₄(111) surface

• Morten K. Rasmussen,
• Kristoffer Meinander,
• Flemming Besenbacher and
• Jeppe V. Lauritsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 192–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.21

• ); polar surfaces; reconstructions; spinel; Introduction While the application of metal oxides in, e.g., catalysis, gas sensors, fuel cells, high-k dielectrics and corrosion protection has seen a very strong development, fundamental research on the surface properties of metal oxides has been a topic of

• other types of surface reconstructions must be present. Higher-resolution NC-AFM images indeed reveal that the MgAl2O4(111) surface exposes a characteristic superstructure shown in the zoom image in Figure 2b (zoom-in area marked on Figure 2a with a dashed white square). The superstructure is observed

Quantitative multichannel NC-AFM data analysis of graphene growth on SiC(0001)

• Christian Held,
• Thomas Seyller and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 179–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.19

• investigate the growth mechanisms of graphene on SiC(0001). The carbon for graphene growth on SiC(0001) is obtained from thermal decomposition of the bulk substrate. Heating the sample to temperatures above 1100 °C leads to Si evaporation and to the formation of carbon-rich reconstructions [3]. At even higher

Inorganic–organic hybrid materials through post-synthesis modification: Impact of the treatment with azides on the mesopore structure

• Miriam Keppeler,
• Jürgen Holzbock,
• Johanna Akbarzadeh,
• Herwig Peterlik and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 486–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.52

• , in Figure 3, the electron density reconstructions are shown for the SiO2–CH2–Cl and SiO2–CH2–N3 gels, with SiO2–CH2–Cl exhibiting a smaller pore with a steeper slope of the electron densities, whereas the corresponding substituted gel (SiO2–CH2–N3) has a broader distribution, which indicates a larger

• a saturated DMF/NaN3 solution at 60 °C. n = 1 (top): Prepared from a silica precursor solution containing 4.5 mmol CMTMS; n = 3 (bottom): Prepared from a silica precursor solution containing 3.0 mmol CPES. Electron density reconstructions for modified silica gels (SiO2–CH2–Cl and SiO2–CH2–N3) that