Breaking barriers: nanosystems to overcome solubility and permeability challenges of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors

• Bhagya Shree,
• Abhishek Sharma,
• Manish Kumar,
• Ruchi Chawla and
• Brahmeshwar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1063–1086, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.73

• stability, scalability, and feasibility for clinical transition. Keywords: BCS class-IV; bioavailability enhancement; biopharmaceutical limitation; bosutinib; dasatinib; drug delivery system; nanosystems; nilotinib; quality by design; second-generation TKI; Introduction Tyrosine kinases have emerged as

• solubility and limited bioavailability of second-generation TKIs, while overcoming the instability problem of SLNs by combining solid and liquid lipids. Liquid lipids can form an amorphous core that encapsulates drug molecules without the risk of expulsion, and studies have shown that second-generation TKI

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• . For example, gefitinib is more efficient in treating NSCLC harboring the L858R mutation than in NSCLC expressing the G719S mutation [21]. Further, an approved treatment with EGFR TKIs for NSCLC with defined but uncommon mutations such as G719X, S768I, and L861Q is the second-generation TKI afatinib