Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• biomedical fields, such as medical diagnosis, nanoscale surgery, and targeted therapy. In this article, recent progress on micro/nanorobots is reviewed regarding actuation technologies. First, the different actuation mechanisms are divided into two types, external field actuation and self-actuation. Then, a

• . Keywords: actuation methods; external field actuation; micro/nanorobots; self-actuation; Introduction In the past few decades, micro/nanorobots have developed rapidly as an emerging field of robotics. Macroscale robots are limited in their use in specific scenarios such as working in small spaces. In

• , and acoustic fields. The other is self-actuation, which includes chemical self-actuation, biological self-actuation, and other methods. Various actuation methods are used for micro/nanorobots, which add a certain degree of complexity compared to traditional macroscale robots. The selection of