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Search for "skin" in Full Text gives 148 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42
- ) and enteric formulation. In this study, DCS nanocrystals were fabricated and investigated for novel drug delivery systems. Transdermal drug delivery is an administration route wherein the API is delivered across the skin for systemic distribution. The categories of TDD systems include reservoir
- vascular endothelial cells are at low frequency, and that the trans-endothelial pathways are the dominant mechanisms for nanoparticle extravasation in tumors (also called enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect) [37]. Since the skin has a denser structure than that of tumor vessels, we speculated
- that a driving force similar to the EPR effect might be one of the forces driving DCS nanocrystals to penetrate the skin layer. The findings above implied that DCS nanocrystals had a much better penetration capability through human skin and could be applied for transdermal drug delivery due to their
Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36
- ) concentration of 0.5 wt % for the successful formation of ferulic acid-loaded lipid-based nanoparticles [141]. The ferulic acid-loaded nanoparticles with improved bioavailability can be useful for skin care products and human skin cancer treatment [142][143][144]. Wound repair The skin is the outermost layer
- , the largest organ, and the first barrier protecting our body against toxic elements, infections, and dehydration, which makes it vulnerable. A major skin injury can cause severe problems to human health such as increased risk of infections, dehydration, and immune system disorders [145][146]. Wound
- repair is a crucial process for the recovery of injured skin by which the integrity of the wounded area is restored and regenerated. In wound repair, ROS acts as a double-edged sword because ROS have both positive and negative effects on wound repair. At a low ROS level, the wound repair process benefits
Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30
- idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (ADRs), caused by BNZ reduction products, which are maximal in adults and lead to treatment discontinuation [19]. Typical ADRs include headache, anorexia, weakness and/or lack of energy, skin rash, gastrointestinal complaints, and mild, peripheral neurological effects [20
Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27
- different areas [1]. However, the innovation of nanomaterials (NMs) is hindered because of potential adverse effects. It is believed that small particles can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, and skin penetration and have the potency to interact with macromolecules for a long period. Many
Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4
- areas of the skin, or diffuse when several lesions occur over an extensive area of skin tissue [3]; (ii) mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes total or partial degeneration of the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and throat [4], and (iii) visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar), can
- in female Balb/c mice [72]. The results of the study showed an improvement in skin lesions of groups treated with Ag-NP both before and after infection. The group treated after infection displayed a significant decrease in lesion size starting in the second week of treatment, with complete healing
- , respectively. Additionally, this nanosystem proved to be biocompatible with skin fibroblasts (in vitro). However, neither the cell viability of this system in healthy macrophages nor models of parasite infection in this cell type were evaluated. Considering that the nanoscale platform approved by the FDA and
Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2
- ]. Every year, 200 thousand deaths are caused by schistosomiasis, making it the third most devastating tropical disease in the world after malaria and intestinal parasitosis [3]. After penetration of the skin by the larval form (cercariae), the schistosomes mature and migrate through the lung to the liver
- unsaturated free fatty acid in the outer layer of human skin, is commonly used as a permeation promoter, inducing the disruption of the lipid structure of the membrane. de Oliveira et al. [85] showed in vitro that oleic acid encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles could potentially be used in schistosomiasis
Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100
- , France UMR 7199, CNRS/University of Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67200 Strasbourg, France 10.3762/bjnano.14.100 Abstract Inspired by the eumelanin aggregates in human skin, polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) are promising nanovectors for biomedical
- bacteria. Inspired by the eumelanin aggregates in human skin, polydopamine nanoaggregates (here referred to as nanoparticles, i.e., PDA NPs) have emerged as promising nanovectors for biomedical applications [11][12], especially because of their biocompatibility [13][14] and photothermic properties [15][16
Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95
- barriers besides cellular membranes need to be addressed. A few examples of these barriers are penetration in or permeation through mucus, skin penetration, overcoming the blood brain barrier, or extravasation from blood vessels. Another challenge is the accumulation of particulate drug delivery systems in
Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83
- apparent skin–core differentiation in the microstructure (e.g., as in Kevlar®) is observed [11][13][14][15][16]. The lack of evidence for a skin–core structure in Technora® was referenced in an earlier study by Derombise et al. [17], but to our knowledge, this is the first time this has been directly shown
- explains how the complex nanostructure translates up to the microstructure, leading to more disorder in 3D space in Technora® compared to Kevlar®. The other unique microstructural aspect is the lack of a fiber skin in our real-space AFM scans of Technora®. In Kevlar®, the skin is a prominent feature up to
- treatments possess thinner skins [11][13][15]. In previous studies, we corroborated this trend for different classes of Kevlar® fibers using real-space AFM scans, as skin regions contained distinct topographical features and lower stiffness than the Kevlar® fiber core [11][13]. For Technora®, however, no
Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75
- active targeting via the functionalization of ligands, such as antibodies or proteins, that interact with receptors overexpressed at the target site [5][6]. However, the movement of NPs is hampered by biological barriers such as endothelial, cellular, skin, and mucosal barriers, which obstruct their
Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70
- Australian company Vaxxas. Pty. Ltd. Vaxxas has developed a non-dissolving microneedle patch, called the Nanopatch [13][14][15]. In the Nanopatch, the microneedles are coated in a dry vaccine powder, and upon insertion, the microneedles leave pores in the skin where the powder particles can be bioabsorbed
- , it is crucial to consider that structural skin properties (e.g., transepidermal water loss, skin elasticity, dermal layer thicknesses, and ceramide content) differ among these groups [16][17][18], or else results give an incomplete picture. Several studies have also reported that the various
- demographic groups (e.g., ethnicity and age) heal at different rates [16][19]. Therefore, it is also critical to consider differences in skin penetration, drug absorption, and healing processes among different populations when assessing the effectiveness of drug-delivering microneedles. In today's age of
A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67
- a series of processing steps, the heart sound signal is obtained. However, PZT has a brittle texture, does not fit the skin well, and lacks comfort when worn, making it unsuitable for wearable sensors [10]. Moreover, the lead in PZT is harmful to humans. In recent years, there has been a significant
- sensor after bending. It was observed that the sensor encapsulated by silica gel was highly flexible and could fit snugly onto the skin. Additionally, the food-grade silica gel used in the outermost layer is ecologically friendly, harmless to human health, and makes for a great wearable, flexible
- piezoelectric nanoscale heart sensor, and the outermost layer of silica gel effectively protected the flexible nanofilm and adhered to the skin. In this paper, the acoustic-electric conversion performance of P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR piezoelectric composite films was evaluated using a self-built acoustic-electric
Microneedle patches – the future of drug delivery and vaccination?
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 494–495, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.40
- blood for diagnostic tests. Other tests, such as blood glucose monitoring in diabetics [1], release blood by a pinprick from the capillaries immediately beneath the skin. Microneedles (MNs), typically less than 1 mm long, are a late 20th century development with significant promise for the above
- MNs tailored to penetrate the skin and provide access to blood capillaries or the ISF have been the subject of a rapidly growing number of research publications over the last decade, and the trend continues [7]. Several key issues discussed in these papers are also considered in this thematic issue [8
- ][9]. Recent progress may be broadly categorised as MN design, fabrication, skin penetration studies, and applications, ranging from drug delivery and vaccination to diagnostics. The first two of these have received most attention, but considerable work is still to be done in all categories – more in
Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33
Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28
- . Lee et al. recorded similar observations after examining the leakiness of human skin microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) after exposure to citrate-stabilized Au NPs of different sizes and concentrations. Using in vitro, ex vivo, and in silico studies, they confirmed the interaction mechanism of
Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24
- system diseases Cancer cell membrane-based NPs play a unique therapeutic role in immune system diseases due to their immunomodulatory functions. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an incurable chronic autoimmune disease that involves multiorgan damage (e.g., to the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and
- containing biomimetic NPs with the HCT116 cell membrane was developed for the treatment of colon cancer [45]. Through simple skin delivery and the subsequent presentation of relevant antigens, it can endow the body with efficient antitumor immunity [45]. Moreover, the nanovaccine integrated with
Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122
- required, but a suitable design seems plausible within the next decade. Finally, for external measurements, such as in the case of skin cancer measurements, a hand-held, non-invasive indenter could be brought up directly to the lesion. The latter example requires the least technological development, as
- cancerous human skin cells, fitted from AFM force–distance curves (Adapted from [15] © 2022 C. H. Parvini et al., published by Springer Nature, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)). Acknowledgements The
Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115
- acetate, dialysis cellulose tubing membrane (average flat width 25 mm, MWCO 14,000 Da), gelatin type B from bovine skin, mucine from porcine stomach (type II), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA; min 99%, titration), and egg yolk emulsion were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. All other chemicals
Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111
- ) and the skin structure of springtails (Collembola, see Figure 3) [3][21][22], both of which are known to accommodate gas layers. Kariba weed (Salvinia molesta) In the case of Salvinia molesta, stable water/air interfaces form at the tips of leaf hairs, which are topped by eggbeater-like structures
- on a variety of food sources and contribute substantially to the recycling of organic matter [32][33]. Collembola breathe through their body surface via skin breathing as well as with trachea [34]. Therefore, water films that may form as continuous layers on their body pose the risk of reducing
- respiration. As small hexapods, Collembola are furthermore at the risk of drowning during rain or when displaced into water bodies. To avoid suffocation and to secure oxygen supply under such conditions, Collembola form air layers on the body surface, so called plastrons, which are established above the skin
Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99
- ). There are also PVA@DA/PVDF NF composites that can efficiently generate instantaneous voltages up to 0.5 V from ambient moisture (Figure 10j). However, because of different issues regarding daily practical applications, such as sweat corrosion, biological toxicity on human skin, and the need for suitable
Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98
- vascular and neural network [31][32]. Undoubtedly, no other organ of the body, beside the skin, is so readily available or so easy to observe. However, due to the unique properties, there are specific opportunities but also difficulties in administering drugs to the eye [33]. Ophthalmic preparations
- successfully applied to the cornea or sclera [103]. Microneedles in skin administration have been studied for many years, including delivery of various therapeutic agents. These included antibiotics [104][105] or antifungals [106] for the treatment of local skin infections but also other drugs intended to
- and the ability to form different microneedle geometries, which can be considered as an advantage. However, the manufacturing process can be complicated and the material is relatively expensive. Also, silicon is a brittle, non-compatible, and non-biodegradable material, which may cause skin irritation
Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84
- easily. In unstructured areas of the mandible, the layer was thinner. It has previously been described that structures facilitate the spreading of fluid [50]. For instance, structures on Nepenthes alata and lizard skin have been found to enhance unidirectional liquid transportation [51]. The contact area
Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81
- and adhesion mechanisms of various CAM can be found in dedicated reviews [9][10][12][13]. Cadherins are associated with cell–cell adhesive interactions in solid tissues and are involved in processes such as embryonic development, formation of the epithelial layers of the skin and intestine, and axonal
- that inhibit initial attachment or directly kill microbes (see Figure 2) [50]. Natural surfaces provide many examples of anti-adhesive topography, including nanostructured pikes on Cicada wings [51], micro-structured and patterned riblets of the shark skin scales [52], hierarchically micro- and
- and antifouling surfaces have been successfully generated by soft photolithography, micro-molding or nanopatterning techniques [57]. Moreover, the biomimetic application Sharklet® textured similarly to shark skin has not only been reported to be antiadhesive against green algae spores and bacterial
Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75
- induced drag Dind, profile drag Dpro, and parasite drag Dpar. Dind represents the cost of generating lift, Dpro is the drag of the wings and Dpar is due to skin friction and the drag from the body form [45]. It was found that the wingspan b and Sw of the hind wings decrease simultaneously when passive
Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72
- has not yet attracted as much attention. Recently, the authors of [12] highlighted the role of the oxide skin on the adhesion strength of gallium-based alloys on various substrates. Specifically, the authors found that the resulting adhesion strength is low when the oxide skin surrounding a liquid
- drop is not disrupted during application onto a substrate. In contrast, when the oxide skin breaks, new oxide forms at the solid–liquid interface with a substrate, which results in adhesion. Also, the wetting of a liquid Ga–In alloy has been related to the adsorption energy of gallium on three
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