Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• oscillation exists in the curve from the punch contacts with the workpiece to the workpiece fracture. This oscillation expresses the stick–slip phenomenon, which commonly occurs in the atomic-scale friction [14][61][62]. The stick phenomenon is caused by the accumulation of atoms in front of the punch, and

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• inside a z-positioning unit, permitting the approach of the tip to the sample. Typically, shear piezo stacks are activated with a triangular voltage-versus-time signal to obtain a stick–slip motion of the slider of the positioning unit. In most instruments, the shear piezo stacks are mounted on the

• to be sufficiently large to obtain a good mechanical rigidity of the slider while still permitting a stick–slip motion of the slider. In a cantilever-based AFM, the deflection sensor (here a cleaved fiber end) must be positioned relative to the cantilever. Scanning the cantilever tip would be

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• load for two different tip sizes (radius of 50 and 100 Å) in Figure 11. We observe a regular stick–slip motion. The distance between sticks corresponds to one lattice period of graphene. We observe in Figure 10 that for the highest loads the frictional force increases during sliding. This may be due to

An atomic force microscope integrated with a helium ion microscope for correlative nanoscale characterization

• Santiago H. Andany,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Stefan Hummel,
• Charlène Brillard,
• Mustafa Kangül and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1272–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.111

• relative to the sample and the ion beam, the AFM is mounted onto a coarse stage consisting of a custom-built XY stick–slip positioner, which in turn is attached to a vertical approach mechanism built around a linear, stick–slip piezo actuator (PicomotorTM 8301-UHV, Newport Corporation, CA, USA). The AFM

• ) and a stick–slip controller (8742-4 PicomotorTM drive, Newport Corporation). The AFM can operate in contact mode and in an off-resonance mode based on force–distance curves [24]. In this off-resonance mode, which we refer to as off-resonance tapping (ORT), the cantilever is moved sinusoidally up and

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

• Peter van Assenbergh,
• Marike Fokker,
• Julian Langowski,
• Jan van Esch,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

• of geometry on friction forces on glass On the glass substrate, force–time plots of friction force (Figure 6) show that static friction (peak at phase V in Figure 6) is dominant over dynamic friction. Some sort of zigzag was typically visible in the dynamic friction regime, indicating stick-slip-like

The effect of flexible joint-like elements on the adhesive performance of nature-inspired bent mushroom-like fibers

• Elliot Geikowsky,
• Serdar Gorumlu and
• Burak Aksak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2893–2905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.268

• direction. The pull-off forces are much larger for the soft and very soft joint fibers than the stiff joint fibers. In the dragging phase, where the fibers start sliding with respect to the substrate, the fibers slide steadily without showing a stick–slip behavior as evidenced by the smooth shear force

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

• Johannes Schneider,
• Vergil Djamiykov and
• Christian Greiner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2561–2572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.238

• effects) have a significant influence on the occurrence of stick–slip motion in biological systems and manufactured structures [21]. Baum et al. additionally focused on investigating the microstructure within the scales and aspects of mechanical interlocking between them. The same group of authors

• ], in our friction data, no sign of stick–slip phenomena were encountered. This discrepancy might be explained by the significantly different contact conditions (e.g., 10 mm sapphire ball vs 1 mm glass sphere) and sliding distances of several hundred meters vs 500 µm. Due to their small Young’s modulus

• , polymers are known the be more prone to stick–slip effects compared to ceramics and metals. This might be an additional explanation for the absence of stick–slip with these two counter body materials. Compared to our own previous work [23], we were able to significantly decrease friction forces in dry

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• direct information on the crystal structure itself. Particularly when the FFM tip is subject to stick–slip advancement, this mode becomes especially efficient for resolving structural features. By mapping the power dissipated by these lateral forces, FFM can even detect such elusive structures as moiré

• qualitatively the tribological contact in terms of few atoms only, or even consider a single-atom contact. In this context, especially the concept of thermally-activated stick–slip [18] has become a universal starting point to describe nanoscopic friction phenomena. In recent years however, growing interest was

• nanoparticle stick–slip experiments [85][86], contact ageing was characterized as a thermally activated process [87]. Atomic-scale interface relaxations, either by single-atom displacements or by the formation and growth of commensurate patches at the interface [88], can serve as a likely explanation for the

Friction force microscopy of tribochemistry and interfacial ageing for the SiO_x/Si/Au system

• Christiane Petzold,
• Marcus Koch and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1647–1658, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.157

• monitored during hold periods by recording normal and lateral force signals with an external data recorder (LTT24, Labortechnik Tasler GmbH, Würzburg, Germany). Atomic stick–slip events revealed that the system was drifting by about 1 atom per 10 s in direction of sliding in our experiments. Friction force

• in the range of 10–30 pN, while with SiOx/Si tips the friction was found to be ten times higher (Table 2). Irregular stick–slip signals were detected in the fast scan direction when probing oxidized Si(100) (Figure 1a) and regular stick–slip was detected for the fast scan direction on Au(111) (Figure

•  1b). For both surfaces a characteristic stick–slip distance in the range of the expected atomic distances (250 pm for Si(100); 170 pm for Au(111)) was observed reproducibly in subsequent scan frames. Larger scan frames recorded on Au(111) sometimes exhibited the herringbone reconstruction (Figure 1c

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

• Alexei Khomenko,
• Miroslav Zakharov,
• Denis Boyko and
• Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

• -components of forces acting on Al and Pd atoms from the graphene atoms. The force Fs varies irregularly with time and has a sawtooth form, which is associated with stick-slip motion of the nanoparticle Figure 3. Figures for the characteristics of Al nanoparticles are represented in [17]. The dependence of

• , different orientations and positions of the particles on the graphene surface will generate different interaction energies with the graphene surface, and are the origin of the irregular stick-slip like motion of the nanoparticles [6][10][11][13][18][19][24][25]. Conclusion We have shown that the

Scanning speed phenomenon in contact-resonance atomic force microscopy

• Christopher C. Glover,
• Jason P. Killgore and
• Ryan C. Tung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 945–952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.87

• has an effect on the friction [18][19]. Furthermore, this effect depends on the scan speed and can bring the system from a stick–slip state to a “steady sliding” state above a critical velocity [18]. It is noted that “a small viscous damping contribution in the tip–sample contact is sufficient enough

• to suppress stick–slip oscillations” [18]. It may be possible that the thin film acts as a source of viscous damping that allows the system to achieve a “steady sliding” state, above a critical velocity, which may have an effect on the CR measurements. The hydrodynamic lift force F varies

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• violin bow hairs observed at nanoscale by AFM, may cause strong consequences at mascoscopic scale during the stick–slip phenomenon of the rubbing hairs surfaces and in fine such different acoustic outputs. Therefore, control of the nanoscale interactions between two surfaces through chemistry and contact

Velocity dependence of sliding friction on a crystalline surface

• Christian Apostoli,
• Giovanni Giusti,
• Jacopo Ciccoianni,
• Gabriele Riva,
• Rosario Capozza,
• Rosalie Laure Woulaché,
• Andrea Vanossi,
• Emanuele Panizon and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2186–2199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.218

• cantilever. In that scheme a stick-slip to smooth-sliding transition can also be investigated, especially at low speed (see Appendix “The static friction force”), allowing one to study in detail the nonlinear phenomena and mechanisms of phonon excitations that arise at slip times. The stick-slip regime and

• initial position near a certain atoms, oscillates around the support dissipating the elastic energy accumulated in the pulling spring, and eventually reaches a quasi-stationary “stick” configuration at a new local equilibrium position near the next atom at the right of the starting one. Then the stick

• -slip process repeats itself. Conversely, if vpull is less than a certain critical value vpull c, the whole chain speed advances at a speed asymptotically close to vpull: the support, the slider, and the chain slide together at the same velocity and the spring never elongates enough for the elastic

Stick–slip boundary friction mode as a second-order phase transition with an inhomogeneous distribution of elastic stress in the contact area

• Iakov A. Lyashenko,
• Vadym N. Borysiuk and
• Valentin L. Popov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1889–1896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.189

• the stick–slip mode of boundary friction. An analytical description and numerical simulation with radial distributions of the order parameter, stress and strain were performed to investigate the spatial inhomogeneity. It is shown that in the case when the driving device is connected to the upper part

• of the friction block through an elastic spring, the frequency of the melting/solidification phase transitions increases with time. Keywords: boundary friction; dimensionality reduction; numerical simulation; shear stress and strain; stick–slip motion; tribology; Introduction The boundary friction

• structure states which may lead to the stick–slip motion with non-monotonic time dependence of the friction force [1][2][4][5]. Stick–slip motion is known to cause fast destruction of the contact parts of microscopic devices, which is why it receives significant attention from the scientists and engineers

Studying friction while playing the violin: exploring the stick–slip phenomenon

• Santiago Casado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 159–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.16

• Santiago Casado Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience), Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.8.16 Abstract Controlling the stick–slip friction phenomenon is of major importance for many familiar situations. This

• the case of a musical bow-stringed instrument, stick–slip is controlled in order to provide well-tuned notes at different intensities. A trained ear is able to distinguish slight sound variations caused by small friction differences. Hence, a violin can be regarded as a perfect benchmark to explore

• the stick–slip effect at the mesoscale. Two violin bow hairs were studied, a natural horse tail used in a professional philharmonic orchestra, and a synthetic one used with a violin for beginners. Atomic force microscopy characterization revealed clear differences when comparing the surfaces of both

Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic "insect adhesives"

• Matthias W. Speidel,
• Malte Kleemeier,
• Andreas Hartwig,
• Klaus Rischka,
• Angelika Ellermann,
• Rolf Daniels and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 45–63, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.6

• sliding speed, we observed a clear stick–slip behaviour, which is known to produce especially high friction at local asperities but to decrease at higher sliding speeds [56][61]. The emulsions of the second generation show considerably lower friction forces that, depending on sliding velocity, range from

Deformation-driven catalysis of nanocrystallization in amorphous Al alloys

• Rainer J. Hebert,
• John H. Perepezko,
• Harald Rösner and
• Gerhard Wilde

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1428–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.134

• spikes with shear band formation [43], but models were also developed that demonstrated stick–slip of shear bands and “cold” temperatures in the shear bands [44]. The findings on temperature behavior in shear bands of metallic glasses over the last years were summarized by Greer, Cheng, and Ma [45]. One

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

Nanoscale rippling on polymer surfaces induced by AFM manipulation

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Franco Dinelli and
• Pasqualantonio Pingue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2278–2289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.234

• of an AFM tip on polymer films are basically three: Schallamach waves [28], stick–slip behavior [52][53], and fracture-based descriptions [15][48]. On the macroscale, Schallamach waves are a reversible phenomenon that occurs at the surface of an elastomer when it slides past a stiff surface under

• contact area. Or, it is better to say that the possible formation of Schallamach waves within the contact area cannot be observed. Therefore the formation of nanoripples is a phenomenon that occurs at the front edge of the contact. In particular, it has been suggested to be due to a stick–slip motion of

• or v fall below the critical values of vc and kc, respectively (Figure 7). A transition from stick–slip to gliding can be also predicted for an indentation rate below a critical value or, alternatively, for large values of the sliding velocity, the lateral stiffness or the tip width. It is suggested

Stick–slip behaviour on Au(111) with adsorption of copper and sulfate

• Nikolay Podgaynyy,
• Sabine Wezisla,
• Christoph Molls,
• Shahid Iqbal and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 820–830, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.85

• found on Au(111) in sulfuric acid electrolyte containing Cu ions when a monolayer (or submonolayer) of Cu is adsorbed. At the corresponding normal loads, a transition to double or multiple slips in stick–slip friction is observed. The stick length in this case corresponds to multiples of the lattice

• distance of the adsorbed sulfate, which is adsorbed in a √3 × √7 superstructure on the copper monolayer. Stick–slip behaviour for the copper monolayer as well as for 2/3 coverage can be observed at FN ≥ 15 nN. At this normal load, a change from a small to a large friction coefficient occurs. This leads to

• the interpretation that the tip penetrates the electrochemical double layer at this point. At the potential (or point) of zero charge (pzc), stick–slip resolution persists at all normal forces investigated. Keywords: AFM; friction; friction force microscopy; nanotribology; underpotential deposition

Dry friction of microstructured polymer surfaces inspired by snake skin

• Martina J. Baum,
• Lars Heepe,
• Elena Fadeeva and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1091–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.122

• , frictional behaviour in respect to stick–slip behaviour is strongly influenced by the dimension of surface microstructures even when no mechanical interlocking occurs. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the microornamentation causes a critical stiction length, which leads to a periodical

A nanometric cushion for enhancing scratch and wear resistance of hard films

• Katya Gotlib-Vainshtein,
• Olga Girshevitz,
• Chaim N. Sukenik,
• David Barlam and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1005–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.114

• until the working load is reached, then the lateral force is ramped up. In general, a stick–slip behavior is observed whereby initially there is only insipient sliding until eventually the static friction is exceeded and larger movement occurs. Both substrate and layer are assumed to be 3D isotropic

Friction behavior of a microstructured polymer surface inspired by snake skin

• Martina J. Baum,
• Lars Heepe and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 83–97, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.8

• other peaks resulting from periodic stick-slip behavior. The data showed that the specific ventral surface ornamentation of snakes does not only reduce the frictional coefficient and generate anisotropic frictional properties, but also reduces stick-slip vibrations during sliding, which might be an

• adaptation to reduce wear. Based on this extensive comparative study of different microstructured polymer samples, it was experimentally demonstrated that the friction-induced stick-slip behavior does not solely depend on the frictional coefficient of the contact pair. Keywords: fast Fourier transformation

• ; friction; polymer; snake inspired; stick-slip; Introduction The absence of extremities in snakes has strong tribological consequences for the material of their skin. The ventral body side of the snake is in continuous contact with the substrate. Therefore ventral scales must have optimized frictional

Effect of normal load and roughness on the nanoscale friction coefficient in the elastic and plastic contact regime

• Aditya Kumar,
• Thorsten Staedler and
• Xin Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 66–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.7

• normal load of the instrument, i.e., 10 mN, or the first segment that featured a maximum lateral-load difference larger than its segment size. The latter case usually can be attributed to some stick–slip event, which will contain a strong influence of the properties of the transducers spring setup

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• different types of particle motion during manipulation, such as sliding, rolling, stick-slip and spinning, is crucial since the mode of motion of particles determines the energy loss and wear in the contacting surfaces. In this paper, the sensitivity of those critical parameters on the mobility of gold