3D nano-structures for laser nano-manipulation

• Gediminas Seniutinas,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Gediminas Gervinskas,
• Etienne Brasselet and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 534–541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.62

• were fitted from the experimental values obtained in literature, by means of a built-in polynomial model. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) included a section of the substrate, enclosed in all directions by perfectly matched layers (PML) to avoid spurious reflections. The central area of 5×5

Polynomial force approximations and multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• Daniel Platz,
• Daniel Forchheimer,
• Erik A. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 352–360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.41

• File 1) visualizing the measurement. For four consecutive beats in the time domain the corresponding amplitude spectrum around the first resonance is displayed in Figure 2b where the components or partial spectrum used for force reconstruction are marked with red circles. The polynomial force

• attractive force regime due to the van der Waals forces between the tip and the surface is reached. In this regime new frequency components appear in the motion spectrum, so-called intermodulation products. Note that in the time domain, the distortion of the signal is barely visible. Both polynomial and ADFS

Interpreting motion and force for narrow-band intermodulation atomic force microscopy

• Daniel Platz,
• Daniel Forchheimer,
• Erik A. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 45–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.5

• narrow-band frequency comb. We show, by a separation of time scales, that such motion is equivalent to rapid oscillations at the cantilever resonance with a slow amplitude and phase or frequency modulation. With this time-domain perspective, we analyze single oscillation cycles in ImAFM to extract the

• [33] are possible by analysis of the data in the frequency domain. Here, we consider the meaning of the narrow-band intermodulation response comb in the time domain, which leads to a physical interpretation of the intermodulation spectrum in terms of the in-phase force component FI and the quadrature

• force component FQ. Results and Discussion Time-domain interpretation of narrow-band frequency comb Figure 2a portrays the amplitudes of the components of a narrow-band frequency comb. Whereas we only plot the amplitude of each component, it is understood that each component also has a phase. The

Wavelet cross-correlation and phase analysis of a free cantilever subjected to band excitation

• Francesco Banfi and
• Gabriele Ferrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 294–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.33

• time domain and thus the best time–frequency resolution. The temporal parameter t in the expression of the Gabor wavelet can be regarded as a (dimensionless) discrete index and likewise σ and η are dimensionless wavelet parameters defining the wavelet shape over the discrete sampling string. The Gabor

• interaction spectra in the time domain. The spectral components acquire an interaction causality that is absent in the Fourier spectrum, revealing the time succession in which the phase or the amplitude at a specified frequency has been altered by the interaction. In certain cases this information may be of

Pulse-response measurement of frequency-resolved water dynamics on a hydrophilic surface using a Q-damped atomic force microscopy cantilever

• Masami Kageshima

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 260–266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.29

• substrate [24]. Another approach contrasting with the frequency-domain measurement is a time-domain measurement in which the time-dependent response to a stress pulse or step is analyzed [28]. Implementation of a simple step-response measurement based on AFM was exemplified previously [25]. In this

Distinction of nucleobases – a tip-enhanced Raman approach

• Regina Treffer,
• Xiumei Lin,
• Elena Bailo,
• Tanja Deckert-Gaudig and
• Volker Deckert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 628–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.66

• -dimensional finite-difference time domain (3D-FDTD) simulations [20]. A metal substrate such as gold provides an additional field enhancement as it produces a large electromagnetic (EM) coupling with the tip, which is often called a “gap mode”. In contrast, dielectric materials cannot couple as effectively

Tip-sample interactions on graphite studied using the wavelet transform

• Giovanna Malegori and
• Gabriele Ferrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.21

• of the phase ω(t) = φ'(t) (the black line in Figure 3b). Since FT is a time invariant operator, only an average of the time dependent spectrum is observed (Figure 3c). On the other hand, CWT approach combines the time domain and frequency domain analysis so that the evolution of each spectral

• time/frequency resolution, η the carrier frequency. Since the intrinsic time-frequency resolution in CWT is set by the atoms over which the signal is expanded, we chose this wavelet because it is particularly adapted to follow signals in time, having the least spread in both frequency and time domain