Calculation of the effect of tip geometry on noncontact atomic force microscopy using a qPlus sensor

• Julian Stirling and
• Gordon A. Shaw

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 10–19, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.2

• = 90° to oscillation parallel to the surface, we obtain It is important to note that as the angle of tip rotation is so small, the motion of the tip apex should not be thought of as circular motion, but instead the tip apex is moving over a linear trajectory at an angle ψ to the surface, with

Diamond nanophotonics

• Katja Beha,
• Helmut Fedder,
• Marco Wolfer,
• Merle C. Becker,
• Petr Siyushev,
• Mohammad Jamali,
• Anton Batalov,
• Christopher Hinz,
• Jakob Hees,
• Lutz Kirste,
• Harald Obloh,
• Etienne Gheeraert,
• Boris Naydenov,
• Ingmar Jakobi,
• Florian Dolde,
• Sébastien Pezzagna,
• Daniel Twittchen,
• Matthew Markham,
• Daniel Dregely,
• Harald Giessen,
• Jan Meijer,
• Fedor Jelezko,
• Christoph E. Nebel,
• Rudolf Bratschitsch,
• Alfred Leitenstorfer and
• Jörg Wrachtrup

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 895–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.100

• entirely by straggle, i.e., the deviation of the ion trajectory inside the diamond crystal, caused by collisions with the lattice atoms. Such implantation processes can be studied in detail with theoretical simulations. A suitable method is scattering calculations. The “Stopping Range of Ions in Matter

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• , or four foils 30 µm thick) can be irradiated. Each ionic projectile induces electronic excitation and ionisation processes in a cylindrical zone along its trajectory. In polymers, chemical bonds are destroyed and small volatile fragments (e.g., H2, CO, CO2, hydrocarbons) easily outgas [28]. This

• . The production of membranes with open channels requires selective dissolution of the latent tracks (cf. subsection 1.1.2). Selective track etching of channels with small size distributions requires continuous and homogeneous damage along the ion trajectory. Best results are achieved when the energy

Radiation-induced nanostructures: Formation processes and applications

• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 533–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.61

• transfer, i.e., the rate at which ionization is created along the particle trajectory, can amount to more than 100 keV/µm. Proximal tissue, in contrast, only receives radiation by means of the excited secondary electrons whose trajectories are transverse to the particle track. For the electrons in the low

Imaging ultra thin layers with helium ion microscopy: Utilizing the channeling contrast mechanism

• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Vasilisa Veligura,
• Stefan Lorbek,
• Tijs F. Mocking,
• Antony George,
• Raoul van Gastel,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet and
• Bene Poelsema

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 507–512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.58

• larger deviation from the initial particle trajectory. We will discuss this in more depth in the next paragraph. For the present case in which a light adlayer (either carbon or cobalt) covers a heavier substrate (silicon or germanium), (1) does not play a significant role and (2) will be weak in general

• . This can be seen in the organic overlayer, in particular for the rims of the vertical stripes of PFS in Figure 1(b). The edges of the stripes are thicker [7], and this leads to an increased chance for an ion to be deviated from the initial trajectory. Consequently, this results in more backscattering

Channeling in helium ion microscopy: Mapping of crystal orientation

• Vasilisa Veligura,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Raoul van Gastel,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet and
• Bene Poelsema

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 501–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.57

• } oriented fcc crystal is tilted by 35° with respect to the incoming beam, for a specific azimuthal orientation, the {110} planes will be parallel to the trajectory of the incoming helium. For symmetry reasons, this configuration can be found every 120°. Particles traveling along the low index <110

Models of the interaction of metal tips with insulating surfaces

• Thomas Trevethan,
• Matthew Watkins and
• Alexander L. Shluger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 329–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.37

• contributions to surface science [1][2][3]. In NC-AFM the tip is prevented from jumping into mechanical contact with the sample surface due to the large restoring force of the cantilever at the turning point of the tip trajectory when it is closest to the surface. As a result, the instrument can probe all

Analysis of fluid flow around a beating artificial cilium

• Mojca Vilfan,
• Gašper Kokot,
• Andrej Vilfan,
• Natan Osterman,
• Blaž Kavčič,
• Igor Poberaj and
• Dušan Babič

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 163–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.16

• height z above the surface, to which the cilium was attached. In order to observe the generated fluid flow, nonmagnetic tracer particles were introduced into the system and their motion was recorded. A typical trajectory of a tracer particle is shown in Figure 2a. The cilium was attached to the surface

• . The colours of the arrows specify the velocity amplitude. The second component of the trajectory is a translation in the −y direction that follows the generated directed fluid flow. Since only one cilium was used in the experiment, the translational flow is not straight but has an additional

• experiment. Analytical calculation of the average flow velocity A very basic approach to modelling the flows around a beating cilium, regardless of its precise beat pattern, consists of replacing the cilium with a small hypothetical particle circling along a tilted elliptical trajectory [19]. We have shown

Current-induced forces in mesoscopic systems: A scattering-matrix approach

• Niels Bode,
• Silvia Viola Kusminskiy,
• Reinhold Egger and
• Felix von Oppen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 144–162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.15

• ) expectation value , evaluated for a given trajectory X(t) of the mechanical degrees of freedom, plus fluctuations containing both Johnson–Nyquist and shot noise. These fluctuations give rise to a Langevin force ξν. Hence Equation 7 becomes where the trace “tr” is taken over the dot levels, and we have

• current-induced forces show that we need to evaluate the electronic Green’s function for a given classical trajectory X(t). In doing so, we can exploit the assumption that the mechanical degrees of freedom are slow compared to the electrons. Thus, we can approximate the Green’s function by its solution to

• drive the system into a limit cycle by varying the bias potential. The existence of this limit cycle is shown in Figure 8a, where we have plotted various Poincaré sections of the nonlinear system without fluctuations. The figure shows the trajectory in phase space of the (dimensionless) oscillator

Parallel- and serial-contact electrochemical metallization of monolayer nanopatterns: A versatile synthetic tool en route to bottom-up assembly of electric nanocircuits

• Jonathan Berson,
• Assaf Zeira,
• Rivka Maoz and
• Jacob Sagiv

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.14

• silver-film stamp (Ag/OTS/Si), whereas precise delivery of metal to selected surface sites within selected OTSeo features of such a monolayer nanopattern can be realized in a serial mode, by moving a positively biased silver-coated SFM tip along a planned trajectory across the patterned area of the

• programmed to move across the surface according to a predefined trajectory, it should be possible to create more complex "pattern-within-pattern" structures by serial delivery of metal to selected surface sites within selected OTSeo template regions of a prepatterned OTS monolayer. For example, in the case

Surface induced self-organization of comb-like macromolecules

• Konstantin I. Popov,
• Vladimir V. Palyulin,
• Martin Möller,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Igor I. Potemkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 569–584, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.61

• findings make the use of the persistence length meaningless as a quantity for the description of the local bending properties. The trajectory of comblike macromolecule (semiflexible cylindrical object) also follows a power law dependence, rather than exponential [23], and thus cannot be correctly described

Functional morphology, biomechanics and biomimetic potential of stem–branch connections in Dracaena reflexa and Freycinetia insignis

• Tom Masselter,
• Sandra Eckert and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 173–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.21

• not significantly. A possible reason for this may be the lack of anomalous secondary growth in F. insignis which is thereby restricted to develop only comparatively thin main stems and lateral branches throughout its entire ontogenetic trajectory. It can be argued that these ‘thin branchings’ in F

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• important physical parameters. Indeed small and large particles do not undergo the same trajectory during manipulation. This size-dependence of the particle trajectory under manipulation can thus provide a way to fractionate or to separate a mixture of nano-objects. In Figure 2a and Figure 2b, we can

• fractionate and separate small from big particles adsorbed on a substrate. This size-dependence of the particle trajectory was explained by a simulation which shows that the trajectory of the particle at the same time depends on i) the operating parameter which is the scanning path used by AFM (zigzag or

• compare two consecutive trajectories of the particle before and after collision, the single Au particle (thinner line) moves at a smaller angle, as compared to the case where it meets another particle (thicker line). In this case, the variation of the trajectory can be explained by the variation of the

The description of friction of silicon MEMS with surface roughness: virtues and limitations of a stochastic Prandtl–Tomlinson model and the simulation of vibration-induced friction reduction

• W. Merlijn van Spengen,
• Viviane Turq and
• Joost W. M. Frenken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 163–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.20

• loop is completed. As a last step the trajectory of the contact point is evaluated for the first part of a second loop: from the last point in the cycle to the first time it encounters the original curve again. Indeed, the starting point of the second loop is not the same as that of the first, when the