Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• the power of operando APXPS to capture chemically relevant intermediates on SACs under realistic reaction environments. This example highlights the unique ability of APXPS, particularly when combined with complementary vibrational spectroscopies, to provide molecular-level insight into active sites

• direction for the future lies in the multimodal integration of APXPS with complementary surface-sensitive and bulk-sensitive techniques. Combining APXPS with vibrational spectroscopies (such as IRRAS and Raman), structural probes (such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction), and mass

Localized surface plasmon resonances in nanostructures to enhance nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies: towards an astonishing molecular sensitivity

• Dan Lis and
• Francesca Cecchet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2275–2292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.237

• spontaneous Raman spectroscopies. Compared to their linear equivalent, those nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies have proved to reach higher sensitivity down to the single molecule level, opening the way to astonishing perspectives for molecular analysis. Keywords: coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

• (CARS); nonlinear optical spectroscopies; sum-frequency generation (SFG); surfaces plasmon resonance; vibrational spectroscopies; Review 1. Introduction – linear vibrational spectroscopies A widespread approach in molecular analysis relies on the vibrational fingerprint of matter to obtain an intrinsic

• candidates to push forward the sensitivity of vibrational spectroscopies. Within the limited number of nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies, this review will specifically focus on surface-enhanced sum-frequency generation (SE-SFG) and surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SE-CARS) to