Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin

• Annika Vogt,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Berouz Nazemi,
• Chun Sik Choe,
• Maxim E. Darvin,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Ulrike Blume-Peytavi,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Christina Graf,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Martina C. Meinke and
• Jürgen Lademann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245

• DNA damage and apoptosis were detected in human skin epidermal cells after exposure to nickel nanoparticles [42]. Phototoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles induced the generation of oxidative DNA damage during UVA and visible light irradiation in keratinocytes [43]. Oxidative stress and skin cell

Low cost, p-ZnO/n-Si, rectifying, nano heterojunction diode: Fabrication and electrical characterization

• Vinay Kabra,
• Lubna Aamir and
• M. M. Malik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2216–2221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.230

• , clipper and clamper circuits, etc. However, there is still progress to be made on this nano heterojunction for further application. Experimental Synthesis of p-type ZnO nanoparticles For the synthesis of p-type ZnO (p-ZnO) nanoparticles by a chemical route, 200 mL of aqueous zinc acetate solution (25 mM

Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO₂ nanoparticles

• Olga Rac,
• Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak,
• Marta Fiedot and
• Helena Teterycz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228

• polyelectrolyte that is protonated in acidic solutions, whereas at pH > 8, it exists in the free alkaline form [23]. PEI is often used as a colloidal metal nanoparticle and metal oxide stabiliser. Studies show that many metal nanoparticles (such as silver, gold, zinc oxide or tin dioxide) synthesised in solutions

Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• groups were shown to have an effect on the growth and on the final properties of inorganic materials such as zinc oxide [40][41], calcium oxalate [38], or calcium carbonate [42][43]. It is expectable that analogous effects should be obtained when biopolymeric (or synthetic biomimetic chains) are attached

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• Rudolf Herrmann F. Javier Garcia-Garcia Armin Reller Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany ICTS Centro Nacional de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Químicas, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.5.209 Abstract Zinc oxide

• nanoparticles are highly sensitive towards phosphate ions even at pH 7. Buffer solutions and cell culture media containing phosphate ions are able to destroy ZnO nanoparticles within a time span from less than one hour to one day. The driving force of the reaction is the formation of zinc phosphate of very low

• solubility. The morphology of the zinc oxide particles has only a minor influence on the kinetics of this reaction. Surface properties related to different production methods and the presence and absence of labelling with a perylene fluorescent dye are more important. Particles prepared under acidic

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• increase of the degree of functionalization (Figure 4). All kinds of functionalization led to an increased dispersibility of the CNOs. In a next step, the CNO–TMS acetylide material was first deprotected and then the free acetylene group was coupled with zinc triphenyl azidophenyl porphyrin in a copper

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• from H2P to GO [46]. Similarly, an amino-modified zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) was conjugated to GO furnishing the GO–ZnPc hybrid, which showed enhanced NLO properties due to strong electronic interactions between the donor and acceptor components within the nanohybrid material [47]. As a different route

• and altering the counter anion of the imidazolium unit. More importantly, when an anionic porphyrin was incorporated as counter anion to the GO–ionic-liquid hybrid material, electronic interactions between the porphyrin and the GO lattice were identified [48]. Zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) as

• storage. On similar grounds, rGO was initially modified by phenylacetylene units, which were used to mediate the grafting of zinc–porphyrin (ZnP) and ruthenium–phenanthroline (RuP) chromophores through a copper-catalyzed “click” chemistry reaction [52]. The preparation of the RuP–rGO hybrid material is

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• effects of zinc oxide [41], gold (Au) [42][43] and Ag NPs as well as Ag ions [44] have been evaluated. The aim of the present study was therefore to use a recently established system [44] to assess the effects of Ag NPs and Ag+ on the 3D lung model. Compared to the citrate-coated Ag NPs in the previous

• exposures are less expensive, easier and quicker to perform than animal studies. In previous studies we have employed ALI exposures to investigate the toxic potential of various materials such as diesel car and scooter exhaust gases [58][59], zinc oxide [41], cerium oxide [60], gold (Au) [42] and silver [44

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the photoluminescence (PL) properties and hydrogen sensing characteristics of gas sensors is investigated. The PL intensity shows that the carrier dynamics coincides with the buildup of the Pd-related green emission. The comparison between the deep level emission and

• : carrier dynamics; hydrogen sensing; Pd-doped ZnO; photoluminescence; sensor; Introduction Semiconductor zinc oxides (ZnO) nanocrystals are not only interesting for fundamental physics, but they are also important for both optoelectronic and emerging electronic device applications, in particular for

• . The origins of this visible emission have been the subject of a long-standing controversy. It has been attributed to the transition between the electron near the conduction band and the deeply trapped hole, which is an oxygen/zinc vacancy containing no electrons [19][20]. It is also attributed to the

An insight into the mechanism of charge-transfer of hybrid polymer:ternary/quaternary chalcopyrite colloidal nanocrystals

• Parul Chawla,
• Son Singh and
• Shailesh Narain Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1235–1244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.137

• (3,4-ethylenedioxioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) complex (PEDOT:PSS) [11][12]. Recently, nanocrystals of one of the well-known quarternary chalcopyrite copper-zinc-tin-selenide (CZTSe) has been receiving considerable attention as a promising candidate for low-cost active absorber layers as it

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

• an inorganic precursor different from TMA, namely benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid with zinc acetate [111]. Representatives for the possible film structures are depicted in Figure 7. In the works reported for the combination, TMA+saturated linear acid, the chain length of the acid varies from two carbon

• carboxylic acids was observed for one week [32][57][110][112]. Salmi et al. [111] used benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid together with zinc acetate to deposit metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films. The films were deposited at 225–350 °C, and the GPC decreased with increasing deposition temperature, the

Functionalized nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance under solar light

• Liejin Guo,
• Dengwei Jing,
• Maochang Liu,
• Yubin Chen,
• Shaohua Shen,
• Jinwen Shi and
• Kai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 994–1004, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.113

• nanocrystal with controllable aspect ratios and a high percentage of long-range ordered twin planes. As shown in Figure 10, the densely distributed rotational twin planes are found to be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the <111> direction. More interestingly, zinc-blende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ

• nanosheets. Reprinted with permission from [61]. Copyright (2010), Springer. Illustration of twin-induced 1D long range ordered homojunctions over Cd0.5Zn0.5S with alternative zinc-blende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ) segments. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the

Integration of ZnO and CuO nanowires into a thermoelectric module

• Dario Zappa,
• Simone Dalola,
• Guido Faglia,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Matteo Ferroni,
• Caterina Soldano,
• Vittorio Ferrari and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 927–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.106

• , 25123, Brescia, Italy Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy Currently at ETCs.r.l., via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.5.106 Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO, n-type) and copper oxide (CuO, p-type) nanowires have been

• of further integration of metal oxide nanostructures into efficient thermoelectric devices. Keywords: copper oxide; nanowires; thermoelectric; zinc oxide; Introduction A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a device capable of converting a temperature gradient into an electrical voltage difference

• (Table 1). Thermoelectric power factor (TPF) was estimated for both CuO and ZnO nanowires, based on sheet resistance Rs. The electrical conductivity was calculated as σ = 1/(Rs·h), where h is the thickness of each strip. We found values of σ of 2.0 S/m for copper oxide and 0.7 S/m for zinc oxide. While

Optimizing the synthesis of CdS/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals for bioimaging applications

• Li-wei Liu,
• Si-yi Hu,
• Ying Pan,
• Jia-qi Zhang,
• Yue-shu Feng and
• Xi-he Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 919–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.105

• generation of multifunction agents for clinic diagnosis and treatment. Experimental Materials Cadmium oxide (CdO, 99.9+%), oleic acid (OA, 99%), sulfur (S, 99%), zinc chloride anhydrous (ZnCl2, 98+%), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (Na(DDTC), 98%), were purchased from Alfa Aesar. 1-Octadecene (ODE

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• photosensitization of nanoporous titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, niobium oxide, and tantalum oxide by quantum-sized cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide, silver sulfide, antimony sulfide, and bismuth sulfide. They found that the photocurrent quantum yields of these photosensitized transition metal oxides can be

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• ][17][18][19][20], nickel (NiNP) [21], zinc oxide (ZnONP) [22][23], titanium dioxide (TiO2NP) [23][24][25], aluminium trioxide (Al2O3NP) [23] and copper (CuNP) [22][25]. Toxic effects were observed after exposure to AgNP, CuNP, ZnONP and NiNP. AuNP, TiO2NP and Al2O3NP, on the other hand, seemed to be

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Vandana Choudhary,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 639–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.75

• aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and KOH involves the following reactions [37]: The concentration of KOH is an important factor in deciding the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures that are formed. The addition of aqueous KOH into Zn salt solution leads to formation of white precipitates of Zn(OH)2

• decoration with Ag nanoparticles, which suppress the recombination of photodegenerated electrons and holes and improve sun-light utilization due to plasmonic response of Ag nanoparticles. Experimental Materials Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)·6H2O, Merck, Germany) and potassium hydroxide (KOH, SRL, India

High activity of Ag-doped Cd_0.1Zn_0.9S photocatalyst prepared by the hydrothermal method for hydrogen production under visible-light irradiation

• Leny Yuliati,
• Melody Kimi and
• Mustaffa Shamsuddin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 587–595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.69

• prepared by using the hydrothermal method. The diffraction peaks for all samples, except for Ag(0.05)-doped Cd0.1Zn0.9S, were in good agreement with the diffraction peaks of ZnS cubic zinc-blende phase (JCPDS No. 772100) with major diffraction peaks at 2θ of 28.6, 32.5, 47.6 and 56.3°, corresponding to the

• (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes respectively. On the other hand, in addition to the cubic zinc blende phase, the Ag(0.05)-doped Cd0.1Zn0.9S also showed the presence of small diffraction peaks of the hexagonal phase at 2θ of ca. 27 and 31° (Figure 1d). A similar phenomenon was also reported when Cu

• of Ag, it can be suggested that Ag could be doped into the lattice without causing much crystal distortion. The XRD patterns for Cd0.1Zn0.9S and Ag(x)-doped Cd0.1Zn0.9S samples prepared by the co-precipitation method are shown in Figure 2. For all samples, only diffraction peaks of ZnS cubic zinc

An ultrasonic technology for production of antibacterial nanomaterials and their coating on textiles

• Anna V. Abramova,
• Vladimir O. Abramov,
• Aharon Gedanken,
• Ilana Perelshtein and
• Vadim M. Bayazitov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 532–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.62

• , Israel 10.3762/bjnano.5.62 Abstract A method for the production of antibacterial ZnO nanoparticles has been developed. The technique combines passing an electric current with simultaneous application of ultrasonic waves. By using high-power ultrasound a cavitation zone is created between two zinc

• after washing. Antimicrobial textiles can be produced by coating textiles with antibacterial nanoparticles (NPs). NPs such as zinc oxide NPs are known to have antibacterial properties due to OH• radicals, which result from defects in their crystal structure [2]. In the case of power ultrasound

• analyse the antibacterial properties of the samples comparing their antibacterial activity and the antibacterial activity of samples coated with industrially produced NPs. In the research described in this paper we produced a suspension of zinc oxide NPs in water by using a sonoplasma discharge between

Encapsulation of nanoparticles into single-crystal ZnO nanorods and microrods

• Jinzhang Liu,
• Marco Notarianni,
• Llew Rintoul and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.56

• onto Si substrates in an aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) with molar ratio of 1:1. A piece of bare Si was put face-down floating on top of the nutrient solution surface. The strategy to encapsulate nanoparticles into ZnO nanorods is through a multi-step growth

• process. First, ZnO nanorods are grown onto the substrate; second, nanoparticles are attached to the surface of nanorods; Third, the nanorods are grown again in the solution to incorporate the nanoparticles. The growth duration was set 4 h for the first-step growth, but different concentrations of zinc

Nanoscale particles in technological processes of beneficiation

• Sergey I. Popel,
• Vitaly V. Adushkin and
• Anatoly P. Golub'

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 458–465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.53

• relatively low. Native gold often occurs together with quartz and is always associated with iron, copper, antimony, lead, and zinc sulfides. Quartz, barite, and carbonates are the major gangue minerals. In addition to native gold, the primary ores contain pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Several

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• the formation of pure kesterite CZTS nanocrystals. The roles of TGA in the hydrothermal synthesis are discussed. Experimental Materials: All the materials were provided by Sigma Aldrich unless otherwise stated. Chemicals of copper(II) chloride dehydrate (CuCl2·2H2O), zinc chloride (ZnCl2) product of

Preparation of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-stabilized ZnO colloid nanoparticles

• Tatyana Gutul,
• Emil Rusu,
• Nadejda Condur,
• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Evgenii Goncearenco and
• Paulina Vlazan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 402–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.47

• from the most intense PL band at 356 nm coming from the PVP, exhibits a strong PL band at 376 nm (3.30 eV) which corresponds to the emission of the free exciton recombination in ZnO nanoparticles. Keywords: colloidal solutions; nanocomposite; poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone); sol–gel; zinc oxide

• ; Introduction Zinc oxide is widely used in various applications such as gas sensors, solar cells, antireflection coatings, varistors, surface acoustic wave devices, light emitting diodes and random lasers [1][2][3][4]. Among different processing methods, the sol–gel technique has various advantages such as cost

• with PVP as stabilizer. Experimental Synthesis of colloidal ZnO solutions and nanocomposites The following chemical were used in the synthesis processes: zinc acetate Zn(Ac)2·H2O (Aldrich, 99%); KOH (Aldrich, 99.0%); poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) PVP10, MS = 10,000 (Aldrich, 99%); methanol 99.9%; ethanol

Fullerenes as adhesive layers for mechanical peeling of metallic, molecular and polymer thin films

• Maria B. Wieland,
• Anna G. Slater,
• Barry Mangham,
• Neil R. Champness and
• Peter H. Beton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 394–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.46

• and fullerene layer as depicted in Figure 1a. Films of thicknesses ranging from one monolayer up to 5 nm of tetra(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin (TBPP) or tetra(4-bromophenyl)porphyrinato zinc (Zn-TBPP) do not impair the peeling process. These molecules were chosen as a target for transfer since they undergo

Photovoltaic properties of ZnO nanorods/p-type Si heterojunction structures

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Grzegorz Luka,
• Lukasz Wachnicki,
• Sylwia Gieraltowska,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Piotr Bieganski,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 173–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.17

• , Wroclaw, Poland Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.5.17 Abstract Selected properties of photovoltaic (PV) structures based on n-type zinc oxide nanorods grown by a low temperature hydrothermal method on p

• the structure containing closely-spaced nanorods, which show light conversion efficiency of 3.6%. Keywords: atomic layer deposition; hydrothermal method; solar cells; zinc oxide; zinc oxide nanorods; Introduction Solar cells are intensively studied as an alternative energy source and may replace

• have been studied since the 1930s [6], and several applications have been found in the past decades. For example, they are used in PV systems based on thin films, so-called PV structures of the second generation [7][8][9]. At the moment, zinc oxide is the most studied wide band gap material [10][11][12