Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• Ralf Theissmann Christopher Drury Markus Rohe Thomas Koch Jochen Winkler Petr Pikal Research Services, KRONOS INT. Inc., Peschstr. 5, 51737 Leverkusen, Germany TRONOX Pigment UK Ltd., Laporte Road, Stallingborough, North East Lincolnshire, DN40 2PR, United Kingdom Global Special Analytics, Venator

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Zetasizer Nano ZS from Malvern Panalytical (Malvern, UK). Measurements were performed while taking into account a refractive index of 1.73 − 0.02i for PDA (the imaginary part corresponds to the absorption coefficient) at a wavelength of 589 nm, that is

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) at 25 °C. The suspensions of the MPs were diluted to the appropriate concentration with PBS, pH 7.4 (conductivity 18 mS/cm). The size and zeta potential values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of at least three repeated measurements. Scanning electron microscopy The

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• polydispersion index Nano ZS Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments Corp, Worcestershire, UK) was used to measure particle size distribution and mean diameter by DLS at 25 °C in polystyrene cuvettes with a thickness of 10 mm. The zeta potential was determined by Doppler anemometry using the previously described

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• sapphire wafers. The cut samples were cleaned in organic solvents and rinsed in de-ionized water. Samples were then photoetched in stirred KSO-D solution (0.02 M K2S2O8 + 0.02 M KOH aqueous solution) under illumination of a 300 W UV-enhanced Xe lamp (Oriel, Newport, UK). This photoetching procedure results

• in the formation of nanocolumns on line defects (dislocations), as was demonstrated in [45]. The nanostructured GaN platforms were then coated with Ag using a Quorum Q150TS sputter coater (Quorum Technologies Ltd., Laughton, UK) with a cleaning oxidized target function engaged [32]. The thickness of

• measurements The SERS spectra were acquired using a Renishaw inVia Reflex Raman microscope (Renishaw Plc, Wotton-Under-Edge, UK) equipped with an EMCCD detector (Andor Technology Ltd, Oxford Instruments, Belfast, UK). The measurements were carried out using laser radiation with a wavelength of 785 nm and a 50

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• Keith R. Paton Konstantinos Despotelis Naresh Kumar Piers Turner Andrew J. Pollard National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 10.3762/bjnano

• individual spectra, the limits of the published metrics can be tested, and recommendations can be made for improved Raman analysis approaches. Methods Rather than using commercial GNP products, we produced a dispersion by sonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation, using graphite (Sigma-Aldrich, UK

• , product no. 332461) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (Sigma-Aldrich, UK, ACS Reagent, product number 443778) [26] as starting materials. An initial processing of the graphite was carried out to remove any impurities or small graphitic particles present in the material. To achieve this, graphite (0.8 g

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• B.V., Zoeterwoude, Netherlands) to metal holders or mechanically gripped in a small vice on holders and then frozen in a cryo-stage preparation chamber at −140 °C (Gatan ALTO2500 cryo-preparation system, Gatan Inc., Abingdon, UK). Frozen samples, either whole or fractured with a cold metal fracture

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• , Malvern, UK). As-synthesized particles were diluted to 1:10 in the reaction solvent (1:1 ethanol/deionized water) and dispersed by sonication for 10 min. Readings were taken at room temperature. Malvern DTS software v.5.10 (Malvern Panalytical Ltd, Malvern, UK) was used for data processing and analysis

• Instruments Ltd., Leicestershire, UK). (a) OD profiles of particle formation (dashed line: no SiBP, empty markers: SiBP alone, solid markers: SiBP + 0.45 M NH3). (b) GC spectra of the control (NH3 only) group at different time points. (c) TEOS hydrolysis rates (dashed line: no SiBP, empty markers: SiBP alone

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• aqueous suspension. The mixture was vortexed for 30 s and further sonicated for 10 min to obtain AB-LNPs. Characterization of AB-LNPs The size distributions and zeta potentials were measured using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique on Malvern Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK). Ultraviolet

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• phase for the blank PLGA nanoparticles. In vitro characterization of the nanoparticles Mean particle size and surface charge Mean particle size (nm), PDI, and zeta potential (mV) of the NPs were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS; Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS series, UK) with a disposable

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• (Hitachi S-4800, Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a cryopreparation system (Gatan ALTO 2500, Gatan, Inc., Abingdon, UK) at 3 kV accelerating voltage. Image processing SEM images were processed using Gimp, version 2.10.14. All adjustments were applied to the whole image. Color

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• 2500 cryo-preparation system, Gatan Inc., Abingdon, UK). Frozen samples, either entire or fractured with a cold metal fracture knife in the cryo-stage preparation chamber, were sputter-coated with gold–palladium (6 nm thickness) and examined in frozen condition (−120 °C) in a cryo-SEM Hitachi S-4800

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• UK-Saudi Challenge Fund 2022, funded by the British Council. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the help rendered by CSIR-Central Glass and the Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India, which provided materials synthesis and characterization facilities.

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• , Karachi, Pakistan University of Hertfordshire, School of Engineering and Technology, Hatfield, UK Changzhou University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou Science Town, Changzhou, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.13.54 Abstract The addition of metal oxide nanoparticles to fluids has been

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• Fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Japan). Mean particle size and the zeta potential were recorded using a Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern, UK). A Nicolet iS10 infrared spectrometer (Nicolet, USA) was used to gather FTIR spectra in a scanning range of 400–4000 cm−1. Fluorescence images of cells were

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• mg/mL) at 25 and 37 °C using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK) at 633 nm and 173° detection angle. Size and size distribution were obtained from the correlation function using CONTIN analysis available in the Malvern software. The hydrodynamic diameters (DH) were

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• µm in depth and 50 µm base diameter were procured from Micropoint company, Singapore. Parafilm-M (thickness 0.13 mm) was purchased from Merck, Germany. HPLC-grade double-distilled water was used. O.C.T compound clear was obtained from Agar Scientific, UK. Analysis of ciprofloxacin content in needles

• 20 min at 10,000g (Eppendorf 5425, UK). All samples were analyzed using the developed reverse-phase HPLC method. The drug distribution resulting from the control was studied in the same manner except that, instead of inserting a ciprofloxacin microneedle array, free gel containing an equivalent

• swab was dipped in the preadjusted inoculum and the excess fluid was expressed. This swab was used to streak the entire surface of nutrient agar plate (Oxoid, UK) (CLSI, 2013). An artificial agarose-based skin (9.5 cm2) was put on top of the inoculated agar. Then CIP_MN1, free ciprofloxacin gel, or

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• to the vertical axis) to the polymeric MNs using a TA-XTplus texturometer (TA Instruments, Surrey, UK). The MN patches were connected to the mobile cylindrical probe (P/1 – 1″ diameter aluminium cylinder ) with double-sided tape. The probe was pressed against the defined surface (hard glass surface

• compression area (the work required to deform the sample during compression) were calculated using the software Texture Exponent 6.1.12.0 (Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK). Puncture The effect of formulation composition on the puncture force and distance was evaluated by MN insertion study. The best

• software Texture Exponent 6.1.12.0 (Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK). The substrate composed of an aqueous dispersion of gelatin 5% (w/w) was prepared by dispersing the weighed gelatin in warm water. After complete dispersion, the dispersion was poured into petri dishes and allowed to dry at room

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• Sharali Malik George E. Kostakis Institute of Quantum Materials and Technology (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany Chemistry Department, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QG, UK 10.3762

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• Chuchu Li Stanislav N. Gorb Hamed Rajabi Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany Division of Mechanical Engineering and Design, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK 10.3762/bjnano.13.33 Abstract Cuticle is one of the

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• , Belgium/US). Instruments The average hydrodynamic radius of the PS particles has been determined by using the DLS method on a “Zetasizer Nano ZS” (Malvern Panalytical Ltd, UK) device. Microstructures of sensor matrices have been tested by using the SEM method on an “NVision 40” (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Germany

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• content of the particles was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Erbitux conjugation to SPION@bPEI Before any application, Erbitux (Erb) (Merck Serono, UK) with a stock concentration of 5 mg/mL was washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Biomatik, Canada) using an ultracentrifugation

• solution, added into the gel wells, and separated under an electric field (80 mV, 400 mA) for 60 min using a Bio-Rad Mini-Sub Cell GT Cell. DLS and zeta potential measurements The hydrodynamic radius and ζ-potential of the nanoparticles were determined using a Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments Ltd, UK

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• ZS (Malvern Instruments, 69 UK) and the uniform size distribution by gel electrophoresis (GE BIORAD). Drug attachment and drug release analyses were performed by using UV–vis spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific Evo 220). Phase transfer, polymer coating, and purification of MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) NPs

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• ) measurements using a ZetaSizer (Malvern Instruments, UK). The refractive index and temperature used for the size measurement was 2.34 and 25 °C, respectively. Three replicates were measured for each sample. In addition, the nanoparticle diameter was also measured from transmission electron microscopy (TEM

• diffraction (XRD) was obtained by loading powdered nanoparticle samples for analysis in the PANalytical, X’Pert Pro, UK, facilitated with a Cu Kα radiation source. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the nanoparticles and drug were collected using a 3000 Hyperion Microscope with a Vertex 80 FTIR

• system. Nanoparticles re-dispersed in milli-Q water were loaded into a folded capillary cuvette and the zeta potential was measured using the NanoS Zeta Sizer, Malvern Instruments, UK. Drug coating and release NOR coating on the nanoparticle was estimated via drug release, where it was assumed that at 48

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• , Hamburg, Germany) and conductive carbon cement (Leit-C, Plano, Wetzlar, Germany) was applied. The samples were sputter coated (108 auto/SE, Cressington, Watford, UK) with gold (t: 60 s, I: 30 mA, p: 0.1 mbar), resulting in a gold layer of approximately 8 nm. Recrystallized structures were then