Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• representative micrographs at low magnification. After examining cellular adhesion, we investigated whether FLG–TA affects the chromatin structure. DNA comes together with histone proteins to create chromatin, which is essential for processes such as replication, transcription, and repair [41][42][43]. The level

• = 405 nm, using a bandpass emission filter from 406 to 486 nm. The total nuclear volume was determined by optimizing the slicing distance [41]. CV was calculated using a MATLAB script based on Irianto et al.’s method [42], which uses a Sobel gradient-based edge detection technique to assess nuclear edge

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• directly are referred to as scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54], whereas methods measuring the capacitive tip–sample force are referred to as scanning capacitance force microscopy (SCFM) [24][25][55

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• (Figure 5B). Corroborating the results of this research, a study carried out by Garba et al. [42], using Cymbopogon tea in diabetic rats, significantly reduced the induced glycemic increase. However, the data were comparable to those of the group treated with metformin, and no significant differences were

• , ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase as shown in the diabetic control groups compared to the normal control group. In a study by Garba et al. [42], it was observed that liver glycogen content and serum levels of AST and ALP decreased significantly, while serum ALT, total proteins

• cholesterol (128.86 mg/dL), VLDL cholesterol (13.78 mg/dL), and Castelli-2 index (1.14 mg/dL), as well as a significant 83.15% increase in HDL cholesterol levels (63.50 mg/dL). Garba et al. [42] demonstrated in their study that serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL cholesterol were significantly reduced in the

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• endothelial cells are heavily activated during the proliferation stage, which helps in matrix deposition, wound closure, and angiogenesis. In wound healing, the formation of granulation tissue occurs, which is composed of cellular and fibril matrix [42]. Fibroblasts synthesize the fibrillar components

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• Malaysia (UTM) through UTM Fundamental Research (UTMFR: PY/2024/01611) grant with cost center number Q.J130000.3824.23H94. This research was also supported by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) through Prototype Development Fund (PDF Cycle 2: PY/2024/00430) grant with cost center number

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• ; dissociation; nanomaterials; Review Introduction The etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has traditionally been linked to the presence of amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), a protein widely recognized as a key marker of the disease. However, a growing body of recent scientific evidence suggests that it may be the amyloid

• detection and inhibition of AβOs Metal NPs have emerged as pivotal tools in the detection and inhibition of Aβ1–42 oligomers. Their unique optical and electrical properties, particularly those of gold and silver NPs, enhance sensitivity and specificity in identifying the early stages of Aβ aggregation. By

• . Recent research has focused on cyclometallated palladium complexes (Pd-1, Pd-2, and Pd-3), which incorporate anthracene and pyrene within a tridentate ligand framework. These complexes specifically target the oligomerization of soluble Aβ1–42 peptides. Among them, Pd-3 has shown significant promise

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• [39][40][41][42][43]. Therefore, the functionalization of the AuNFs with the linker 4-ATP represents one of the outstanding characteristics of our biosensing system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this enhancement effect has been explored to improve the sensitivity of

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• following the method outlined by Butrymowicz and colleagues [42]. FEBID was performed using a Hitachi S3600 scanning electron microscope (SEM), which features a high-vacuum chamber and a tungsten filament electron source. Native-oxide Si(100) was employed as a substrate, which was thoroughly cleaned with

• to about 3.3 atoms in the FEB deposit. Mass spectrometry studies of gas-phase electron-impact dissociation of [Pd(tbaoac)2] [42] showed the loss of tert-butyl (t-Bu) as (CH3)2CCH2 by dehydrogenation. Furthermore, the chelating ring collapse happens through the formation of O-containing molecular

• species, such as CH3CHO, which were seen in gas phase dissociation experiments with this precursor [42], as illustrated in Figure 4. Regardless of the exact stoichiometry of volatile species, it is noteworthy that from these large tbaoac ligands (each containing 8 C, 3 O, and 13 H atoms) about 90% of the

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• morphology Figure 5 depicts 2 × 2 µm2 2D and 3D AFM images of as-deposited and implanted (at an ion fluence of 1 × 1017 N2+·cm−2) Mo thin films. Figure 5a reveals that the 150 nm thick Mo film exhibits a surface with thinner and more elongated rough peaks [42]. In this stage of deposition, the particles

• exhibit granular, tightly packed vertical peak growth. After nitrogen implantation (Figure 5a′), the shape altered into broader and more flatter characteristics [42]. This may be because of surface alterations induced by the N2+ implantation [9][42]. Interestingly, variations in Mo film thickness from 150

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• -surface atoms. Later, Carter and Vishnyakov introduced the concept of redistribution of surface atoms [42]. Several experiments have been carried out to understand other factors that contribute to nanopattern formation, such as preferential and differential sputtering [6][43], the role of surface and beam

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• reactions of adatoms between neighbor layers acts in the opposite manner to the adsorption coefficient [41]. An applied external electric field can affect the type and size of the surface structures [37][42][43]. Anisotropy of surface diffusion, induced by properties of the substrate, can lead to fractal

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• patient-personalised therapies [41][42]. In 2019, Kim et al. pioneered the development of milasen, a ssASO drug tailored to a single patient affected by a rare form of Batten’s disease, and its clinical efficiency was successfully proven [43]. Despite significant progress in the discovery of novel

• )) targeting solid tumours [66]. Triblock copolymers comprising poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx), poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PnPrOx), and PLL (Mw = 6.9 kDa, degree of polymerization (DP) = 42) segments allowed for the formation of compartmentalised micelles bearing a hydrophilic PEtOx shell, a

• study, Min et al. investigated the use of PLL to develop glucose-coated polymeric nanocarriers for the systemic delivery of ASOs across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) [71]. The authors utilised a polyion complex micelle (PIC/M) platform based on poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ʟ-lysine) (PEG–PLL, DPPLL = 42

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• NP agglomerates [42][43]. The NPs are released from the cavitation bubble mainly during bubble collapse. Jet formation can penetrate the bubble boundary and expels NPs outside the bubble, or the formed shockwave can push NPs into the liquid phase. The modification of the beam shape inherently changes

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• particles is also very important. The zeta potential of Alg nanoparticles is negative (−25.85 ± 7.7 mV), as expected, because of the presence of –COOH and –OH groups in the polymer. This may hinder its interaction with negatively charged surfaces like mucus because of charge repulsion [42]; in contrast

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• nanosecond laser pulses for more efficient and less damaging surface decontamination compared to shorter pulses [42]. Besides, picosecond or femtosecond pulses are more expensive, creating obstacles for future scaled up composite manufacturing applications. The gold nanoparticles were uniformly distributed

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• of films with substrate temperature [42]. Grain boundaries have a significant effect on the electric transport properties in polycrystalline films. Grain boundaries are growth process-dependent phenomena and have a large number of charge-trapping centres. Thus, grain boundaries reduce the mobility of

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• characteristic band at around 343 nm, in GO–Chl, could be related to the binding of Chl to GO [42]. The functional groups in GO and GO–Chl nanoconjugates were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1b shows the FTIR spectrum of GO, Chl, and GO–Chl in the range of 500–3800 cm−1

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• for an additional 30 min. The MIC value was determined as the lowest concentration at which the blue color of resazurin remained unchanged. Determination the minimum bactericidal concentration The MBC values were determined according to the protocol of Mah and coworkers [42]. 3 µL of the suspension

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• absorbed and utilized by organisms. The remaining 40–90% of active medications or metabolites are excreted in feces and urine [42]. Consequently, treated wastewater or septic effluent containing residual antibiotics can be released into nearby water bodies [43]. Pharmaceutical companies generate, handle

• parts per billion (ppb) or parts per trillion (ppt) range. Detecting and eliminating them at such low concentrations poses a significant challenge [42]. Additionally, antibiotics may be co-present with a mixture of other pollutants in certain instances, complicating the isolation and targeted removal of

• removal efficiency compared to the single constituents and binary heterostructures [64]. The photodegradation efficiencies of TC for KPCN/GO/CoFe2O4, KPCN/GO, KPCN, and g-C3N4 were reported to be 85%, 57%, 42%, and 30% after 60 min of visible light exposure, respectively. Likewise, Liu et al. [108

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• from a biphasic to a monophasic state depending on the applied temperature and have been widely studied in homogeneous catalysis [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. The TMSs used in this study consist of a propylene carbonate (PC) phase (bottom) and an alcohol phase (top) and convert between the

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• controlled release of TMZ [41][42]. In another publication [25], the suitability of graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with folic acid (FA) for controlled release of TMZ and the inhibition of glioma growth was confirmed in vivo. To our knowledge (and stated also in the paper of Petrenko et al. [35]), our

• values for TMZ loading efficacy and content were achieved, ranging from 42% to 67% and from 11% to 18%, respectively (Table 1), which are in the scope of values reported for nanocarriers of TMZ (27% to 89% and 4% to 11%, respectively) [44][45][46]. The higher values achieved for plain (non-functionalized

• loading efficacy and content in these formulations (around 42% and 11%, respectively, for MWCNTs-PEG6000-FA-TMZ and 46% and 13%, respectively, for MWCNTs-G-PEG6000-FA-TMZ; Table 1). When the CNs were PEGylated, an increase in zeta potential was observed (−38.38 and −46.05 mV vs −21.40 and −22.30 mV for

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• using a NFB medium [42]. This medium comprises K2HPO4, FeCl3·6H2O, MgSO4·7H2O, NaCl, CaCl2, MnSO4·7H2O, biotin, KOH, malic acid, bromothymol blue, Na2MoO4, and bacto agar. Rhizobacteria loaded onto nHA were introduced into the medium and left to incubate for 14 days. The nitrogen-fixing capability was

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• the full spectrum [40]. This phenomenon occurs as the electromagnetic field of incident light induces forced oscillations in the free electrons on the metal surface [41][42]. When the frequency of the incident light aligns with the intrinsic oscillation frequency of these surface electrons [43], it

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• , sensing, and gas separation and storage [36][37][38][39]. In parallel, the last decade has witnessed a substantial increase in research studies across various fields aimed at mitigating CO2 emissions [40][41][42][43][44]. Notably, MOFs have been targeted for CO2 capture and separation applications because

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• occurred in two main steps, namely, the rapid desorption of surface water or weakly bound water molecules in the temperature range of 40–100 °C and further mass loss in the temperature range of 100–300 °C, attributed to desorption of the remaining water enclosed in voids and channels [41][42]. However