Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• radical scavenging) were observed. These bioactive properties and the inherent moisture barrier property of the packaging material are utilized for strawberry preservation with a significant preservation time of 21 days compared to control samples that start to grow a white fungus on day 11. This

• degradation byproducts [8][9]. One problem is that the hydrophilic structure of PVA gives it a high water-solubility, water uptake, and worse mechanical properties [10][11]. Different filler and nanomaterials including silica [12][13][14], graphene [15][16], and metals [17][18] have been added to PVA to

• develop composite materials with superior properties. Compared to other inorganic nanomaterials, nanocellulose (NC) has been noted to be a highly potential sustainable and bio-based filler that can be obtained from otherwise wasted agricultural byproducts like rice straw [11][19]. NC can enhance polymer

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• embedded in hydrophilic solvents, usually water, which can carry active materials and biomolecules [11][12][13]. After hydration in an aqueous environment, the hydrogel structure is created by hydrophilic groups or regions arranged in a polymeric network [14]. Hydrogels present interesting properties

• regenerative tissue engineering [11][12][13][15]. Macroscopic hydrogel networks can be decoupled into microscale particles of any shape, called microgels. When gelatinous particles are configured in the submicrometric range, for example, with diameters in the order of nanometers, they are known as nanogels [16

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• properties, capable of forming micelles that encapsulate PpIX, increasing its solubility and facilitating its administration [7][11][12]. In this context, poloxamer 407 (P407) is notable for its biocompatibility and ability to form stable nanometric micelles [8][13][14]. Its amphiphilic nature allows for the

• approximately 4 h for EtOH50 and EtOH77, whereas for water and EtOHabs, the equilibrium was established within 30 min, followed by degradation or aggregation. These results support the observations made by Tima and collaborators [11], who found that ethanol–water mixtures offer an improved balance between

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• , Italy, France, and Spain. Recent studies indicate that the risk of dengue transmission has increased by 11% in the past decade due to the climate crisis [1]. From even more recent data from Brazil for the year 2024, dengue cases increased by 297%, and chikungunya cases by 65% compared to the same period

• [11][12]. Furthermore, a chitosan nanocomposite with fungal metabolites has been reported as a promising alternative for managing insect pests of economic importance without affecting non-target organisms [13]. In previous research by our group, two rotenoids were identified and characterized from

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• their bulk counterparts [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Zinc sulfide (ZnS) attracts considerable attention among various nanomaterials due to its unique properties. Nanostructured ZnS with different morphologies, including nanotubes, nanowires, nanoparticles, and nanosheets has been extensively investigated

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• patients [6][7][8]. As a Gram-negative bacterium, PA is characterized by a distinctive cell wall structure constituted by a thin peptidoglycan layer enclosed by an outer membrane which contains lipopolysaccharides (LPS) [9][10][11]. The outer membrane also contains numerous proteins, lipoproteins, and

• investigated sample [11][43][44]. The force–volume (FV) mode allows for mapping surface physical parameters of the analyzed sample via controlled nanoindentations on a pre-programmed grid on the sample surface [44][45][46][47]. In conventional scanning modes (e.g., contact and tapping) the changes in

Transfer function of an asymmetric superconducting Gauss neuron

• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Aleksander S. Ionin,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Mikhail S. Sidel’nikov,
• Sergey V. Egorov and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1160–1170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.85

• ] describe neuromorphic elements based on superconducting interferometers that emulate the signal response of biological neurons in various real-world scenarios. In [1][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], adiabatic neuromorphic interferometers were presented, whose energy consumption can be reduced to the

• in favor of superconducting neuromorphic devices. The subject of this study is the Gauss neuron [1][7][8][9][11][12][14], schematically depicted in Figure 1. It consists of three arms connected at a common point O and grounded to a shared electrode (Gnd). Two arms (“Josephson” or “input” ones) each

• and Equation 8, respectively. Equation 11 is obtained by substituting Equation 10 into Equation 6 to eliminate the output signal ϕout. By using the common method of introducing half-sum and half-difference of phases [1][8][9][12][14], φ+ = (φA + φB)/2, φ− = (φB − φA)/2, the system of Equation 10 and

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• -entropy stabilization is highly disputed and the often discussed core effects of HEA do not apply to every element system [11][12]. Still we decided to refer to the term HEA in this work as it is deeply rooted within the community, despite the existence of names such as CCSS, complex concentrated alloys

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• interactions. Scanning distortions due to non-linearities in the scan are also trickier to correct and harder to avoid in fast scanning. Some of these artifacts can be eliminated or attenuated by image processing techniques [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Another resolution-limiting factor in AFM is the tip

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• nm, from which quantitative data are often extracted. For example, in materials science applications, nanoscale spectromicroscopy [5][6][7][8] is used to examine a sample around its absorption edges, which provides insights into its electronic structure. In biomedical applications [9][10][11][12

• Equation 10 into Equation 9 leads to the final expression for the plane-wave field at the camera, which depends on the camera coordinates (x, y) and the amount of defocus z of the sample: Similarly, substitution of Equation 11 into Equation 9 leads to the final expression for the scattered-wave field at

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• Agata Obstarczyk Urszula Wawrzaszek Wroclaw University of Science & Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.16.81 Abstract In this paper, comparative studies of selected properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2

• -assisted deposition (IBAD), which is the bombardment of a thin film with a beam of energetic particles during deposition, is an excellent technique for modifying the microstructure and optical, mechanical, and tribological properties of thin film coatings [8][9][10][11]. This energetic process offers many

• migration. This can result in much better adhesion of the films to the substrate [11]. In addition, the advantage of using additional ion beam assistance in the EBE processes is an increased packing density of the coatings, making them more resistant to moisture [8][12]. Moreover, the IBAD technique has

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• ) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17], perylene [18], perylene diimides [19][20], and quinacridones [9][21] can be successfully dispersed in water without the use of organic solvents. Moreover, PLFL has been applied recently to active pharmaceutical ingredients such as vitamin C, capsaicin [22], megestrol

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• has a high level of water affinity. Consequently, GO can be expected to have a wide range of applications, such as primers, thermally conductive materials, transparent electrodes, and adsorbent materials [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. GO is typically synthesized by oxidizing graphite. Several

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• ][11][12][13]. However, while bone remodeling via piezoelectricity supports regular healing, it is typically insufficient to repair severe bone injuries. Therefore, external stimulation is often required to aid and accelerate recovery. Conventional methods for bone repair, such as autografts and

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• living organisms. From an alternative standpoint, living things can be regarded as sophisticated soft functional systems, wherein multiple functions operate softly in concert and are highly efficacious [11][12][13][14][15]. With the exception of the skeleton, they can be considered to be almost soft

• -initiated one-by-one electrochemical addition and assembly of bifunctional monomers with electroactive redox units under alternating positive and negative potentials (Figure 11) [263]. The synthesis of uniaxial end-on conjugated metallopolymers in centimeter-sized domains was successfully achieved. SAMs of

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• morphology and properties of the polymer matrix by altering its structure, crystallinity, thermal stability, and mechanical behavior [9][10][11]. CNTs can be classified into two basic types, namely, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). SWCNTs exhibit slightly

• many researchers [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Regarding PBS-based nanocomposites, most studies focus on the influence of CNTs (including modified CNTs) on their thermal behavior [17][18][19], crystallization [20][21][22], structure [14][17][21][22][23], and biodegradability [12]. PBS/CNT

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• of an amphiphilic calix[n]arene covalently integrating specific targeting ligands showed improved cell targeting capability [11]. Besides, nanoassemblies of calix[4]arene derivatives proved to be also very suited host supramolecular nanoreactors to amplify the photochemical performances of otherwise

• observed upon exposure of an air-equilibrated NOPD 2 (100 µM) solution at λexc = 420 nm after 0, 6, 11, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 130, and 160 min. (A) Absorption spectrum of the supramolecular complex 1·2 in water; [1] = 50 µM; [2] = 40 µM. The inset shows the size distribution of the same solution of 1·2

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• exchanging energy and material with the excited loci. LSPC commonly encompasses laser ablation in liquid (LAL), which allows for producing NPs from a surface of virtually any solid [6][7][8][9], laser fragmentation in liquid (LFL) to further reduce dimensions of particles down to few-atom clusters [10][11

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• [6][7][8][9]. These processes are integral to maintaining cellular homeostasis [10], and disruptions in mitochondrial function are implicated in numerous diseases, including Parkinson’s disease [11][12][13], cardiovascular diseases [14][15][16], Alzheimer’s disease [12][17][18], obesity [19], and

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• a vital role as the tip-terminating cluster uniquely interacts with the different surface atoms. At cryogenic temperatures, the use of functionalized tips such as as CO-terminated tips [6][11], Xe-terminated tips [12][13][14] and O-terminated Cu tips [15][16][17] has become the state-of-the-art for

• -ordered CaF2(111) [24][25], see [26] for further preparation details. RT experiments were performed with a UHV 750 AFM system (RHK, Troy, MI USA) operated at a base pressure of 7.0 × 10−11 mbar. An Ar+ ion-sputtered silicon cantilever with an eigenfrequency of around 300 kHz and a quality factor of 22000

• ⟨11−2⟩ directions, where a0 is the bulk lattice constant of CaF2. Atomic assignment follows the model introduced in [10], with the solid line in panels (b, c, e, f) representing a polynomial fit of degree seven as a guide to the eye. Examples of polarity-changing tip changes on CaF2(111). (a) Δf data

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• is essential [11][12]. The cost-effective production of efficient electrode materials for supercapacitors is also very important. Researchers are exploring a wide range of new and affordable electrode materials, while maintaining the superior power and energy density. In this work, we have

• successfully adopted for the production of AgNPs using CDs produced from waste biomass as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The TEM analysis showed that the produced PG-CDs-AgNPs have more uniform surfaces and spherical shapes with an average particle size of 10–11 nm. The synthesized PG-CD-AgNPs are

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• for supercapacitor applications. In another work, Mn3O4 nanograins-intercalated rGO NC was synthesized through the MW-assisted hydrothermal approach, which showed superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity [11]. Aside from the oxides, mixed metal sulfides are likewise reported to be combined

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• are more advanced with respect to source development because of their relatively low requirements regarding the cooling laser. Milling [10] as well as induced deposition of platinum (Pt) [11] and tungsten (W) [12] have been studied for a prototype FIB with an ultracold Rb+source. Further, a Cs+ laser

• NanoLab 650 dual beam system. All parameters of the FIBID for the growth rate measurements can be seen below in Table 2 in the Appendix section. The electrical resistivity of Ga+ and Cs+ FIBID-Pt was measured via the Cr-on-glass standards mentioned in [11] using the sample design displayed below in Figure

• and 440 pA, corresponding to current densities between 0.4 and 8 pA·μm−2, were utilized. The deposition time was between 3:05 and 16:11 min, and the total ion dose ranged between 717 and 1921 pC·μm−2. Using acceleration voltages of 2, 5, 8, and 16 kV, the ion beam diameter changed from 25 to 460 nm

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• attracted significant attention in the past decade because of their broad applicability in a variety of areas including biosensing, micro/ultrafiltration, desalination, ion and molecular separation, dialysis, battery technologies, blue energy generation, and nanofluidics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• diamond surfaces is initiated at 750 °C. A temperature of about 1500 °C is needed for the formation of extended graphene-like layers, and temperatures higher than 2000 °C are required for the complete conversion of the diamond (111) surface to graphitic layers [10][11]. Thermal stability of diamond