Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• organs [46]. Another drawback is that current drug delivery technologies yield only limited bioavailability and change drug levels in plasma, making them incapable of long-term release. Without proper dispensing techniques, the entire treatment process may fail. In addition, the drug must be delivered at

• . These functional groups can include ligands or antibodies that specifically bind to the target cells or tissues [51]. Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles help reduce toxicity and control drug biodistribution [46]. Alginate-based nanoparticles The preparation methods of alginate-based nanoparticles The

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• ], pesticides on vegetables, dals [42], fruit surfaces [43], and explosives on rough surfaces [44][45]. In the last few years, our group has been continuously working on developing a flexible SERS substrate for the detection of various types of hazardous molecules: aggregated Ag and Au NPs on filter paper [46

• (i) the plasmonic performance of Ag, (ii) a large number of NPs loaded onto the filter paper (resulting in a high yield of NPs at 1064 nm), (iii) the presence of ions from NaCl which can lead to ion-enhanced SERS effects [37][46][61]. The investigations further focused on assessing the stability of a

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• oxygen functionalities (hydroxy, epoxy, carbonyl, and carboxylic groups) arranged according to the Lerf–Klinowski model [45]. GO is generally produced through chemical oxidation and exfoliation of graphite flakes with different protocols to tune the oxygen content [46][47]. The defective structure of GO

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• as a control to see that the treatment reduces the uptake of this ligand. Chlorpromazine has been reported to lead to relocalization of clathrin and the adaptor AP2 from the plasma membrane and to endosomes [46]. Notably, this is associated with an inhibition of the recycling of receptors for α2

• -macroglobulin, EGF, and transferrin, and a concomitant depletion of these receptors at the plasma membrane [46]. One might expect that other receptors that normally recycle after uptake from clathrin-coated pits are also affected in a similar manner, and that NPs targeting such receptors might have a reduced

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• molecular dynamics [44]. The strong decrease of the melting point of small Au NPs compared to bulk Au was quantified by Qiao et al. [45]. Nayebi and Zaminpayma [46] as well as Shim et al. [47] studied the crystallization of liquid Au NPs. The dependence of the surface energy of gold NPs on their size and

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• biological characteristics of the target biomolecules into measurable and quantifiable electrical signals [43]. In this sense, various types of biosensors have been designed using electrical [44], thermal [45], and optical signals [46]. Among these, FET-based biosensors have garnered significant attention

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• under light loads but become adhesive upon applying a certain minimum pressure level. This concept inspired the first generation of gecko-jammed composites presented at the Adhesion Society annual meeting in 2020 [46]. To achieve a cost-effective system, we opted for commercial biomimetic materials from

• ) Images taken as screen captures from a video demonstrating shape morphing/fixing capability of a gecko tape composite. Images are reproduced from [46] © The Adhesion Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) i) Schematic of two gecko adhesives in their default non-adhesive state, ii

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• attachment to the surface of the nanoparticles and the loosening of PLGA in the outer shell of the nanoparticles [3]. Notably, PLGA breaks down faster in an acidic environment; therefore, the medication is released more rapidly in the endosome of the cell than at a neutral pH [46]. There was a burst release

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• direction of the motion axis, resulting in a disorganized network structure on the collector plate. As the jet moves towards the collector, stretching and bending occur depending on the propellant loads along the jet [46]. “Single needle” is the simplest method used at the laboratory level for nanofiber

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• , friction coefficients, and hardness values of some CoCrNi alloys from experimental works and MD simulations. In this work, the hardness was calculated using the following equation [46]: where Fmax and Ac are, respectively, the maximum indentation force and the contact area between the tool and the

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• responsible for classifying higher-uptake and lower-uptake surface modifiers in the case of three cell lines [46]. The descriptors that had greater values of absolute difference were taken as significant features for a particular cell line. For the study of the PaCa2 cell line, we selected ten descriptors

• of ENMOs in the HUVEC cell line as shown in the case of surface modifier 46. However, fingerprints containing aliphatic amino functionality (UIh 1, UIh 2, UIh 7, UIh 8, UIh 9, and UIh 11) have a deleterious effect on the uptake of ENMOs in the HUVEC cell line, as demonstrated in in the case of

• carbons present in the structure [60]. The positive contribution of the descriptor is confirmed by the presence of maximum double-bonded carbons in the structures (e.g., 39, 43, and 46), which actively contribute to a higher cellular uptake of ENMOs in the case of the HUVEC cell line. From the earlier

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• double bonds of MeCp (or derived fragments) incorporated in the deposit and the consequent production of alcohols, which are likely to produce CO during electron exposure [45][46][47]. This observation was substantiated by the increase of desorbed CO throughout exposure, indicating the presence of an

•  2a. The maximum gold content achieved is 52 atom % at a chamber pressure of 4·10−5 mbar (Figure 2b). This result is even higher than the value reported by Shawrav et al., who obtained ca. 46 atom % Au from Au(tfac)Me2 at the same chamber pressure [22]. Unfortunately, higher water pressures could not

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• following the methodology of Berthé et al. [46] with a glass plate as substrate for attachment. Each animal was placed onto the horizontal glass plate, and the plate was then slowly tilted with an average angular velocity of ca. 3.5° per second until the insect started to slide down or fell off (Figure 2A

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• -based descriptors, common in QSAR models of discrete molecules, to characterize the substituents, and they constitute the only identifier of each datapoint [43][44][45][46]. In datasets with substituents that are mainly transition metals (deposited in the nanoparticle or present in the solution

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• -defined regions in the TEM micrographs. In STEM, the main differences in intensity are expected to occur when two elements with notably different atomic numbers interact with the electron beam; in this case, the two elements involved have very similar atomic numbers (46 for Pd and 47 for Ag); thus the

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• the linear part of the stress–strain curve [45]. The slope of the linear function gives the Young’s modulus. Antibacterial activity The Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was applied to test the antibacterial activity of the scaffolds containing different salts [46][47]. The experiment was performed

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• amplitude. Consequently, in this mode, highly hydrophilic materials may appear thicker than their hydrophobic counterparts [39][40]. Erroneous height measurements are especially important in AFM studies of 2D materials [8][44][45][46]. The use of dynamic modes enhanced the problem; measured heights tend to

• ][56][57]. The origin of incorrect height measurements in 2D materials has been ascribed to the same sources as those mentioned above, including capillary forces and adhesion [8][46], electrostatic forces [58][59][60], or residues of the solvent [8]. However, in many cases, this is not enough to fully

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• samples were prepared under the same conditions but using two different sources of biomass. As nitric acid was used during the synthesis, the presence of C–N groups on the as-synthesized CQDs is expected, which was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy (Figure 3). According to the report by Rani in 2018 [46

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• Monika Ozga Eunika Zielony Aleksandra Wierzbicka Anna Wolska Marcin Klepka Marek Godlewski Bogdan J. Kowalski Bartlomiej S. Witkowski Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science

• . Conversely, direct thin film growth through the hydrothermal approach is outlined in [44][45]. In a different study [46], CuO films were grown on glass substrates coated with CuHNO4 through 4, 8, and 12 h long hydrothermal treatments of copper hydroxide nitrate suspension at 200 °C. Another example is the

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• shear flow that removes contaminants [45]. In addition to superhydrophobicity, in certain water plants, such as Salvinia spp., specialized structures have been observed to combine superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity [46]. In these plants, the fiber-like structures have hydrophilic tips, while

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• reactions and radical species [43]. Besides the reactions involving metal salts during LRL, gas formation [44][45][46][47] and solvent decomposition [48][49][50][51] have also been reported, highlighting the importance of chemical reactions during the processes, although LSPC is often considered to be a

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• , especially in Phasmatodea. Recent investigations of the ultrastructure and material properties of the smooth tarsal attachment pads of phasmids complement our information on the morphology of the droplets [38], biomechanics of their attachment performance [28][46][47][48][49][50][51], and the complementarity

• used the phasmid species Medauroidea extradentata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) (Figure 1A), because of the availability of livestock and the presence of the functional morphology data on its tarsal attachment system [28][46][47][48][49]. Individuals were obtained from the laboratory cultures of the

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• . The stiffness calibration of silicon cantilevers at room temperature in air, liquid, or UHV by means of destructive and non-destructive methods has been discussed quite extensively in the literature [18][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56

• probe’s thermal fluctuations when it is in thermal equilibrium within a thermal bath [35][40][43][44][46][47][48][55][56][57][59][60][71]. The influence of thermal noise on a system has first been investigated by Nyquist and Johnson in 1928 with electric resistors [72][73]. Their seminal work has later

• resulting in a single final spectrum. The value of the stiffness is then deduced according to the methods 1–3 described before. However, as discussed in detail by Cole [46] or Sader et al. [53], in the case of noisy signals like the tn-PSD, the use of non-linear least-squares fits, such as those required in

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• edges [43][44][45]. In some cases, an adsorption of upright standing molecules at steps was also found [45][46]. Here, the QA molecules are either oriented with their short edge parallel to the steps or at an angle of 32° or 58° with respect to the step direction. A stark difference to the examples

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• , protein targeting, the prediction of coated-NP drug release systems [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], multitarget networks of neuroprotective compounds for a theoretical study of new asymmetric 1,2-rasagiline carbamates [50], a TOPS-MODE model of multiplexing neuroprotective effects of drugs, an

• biological activity parameter, cd1, the target protein involved in NDs, cd2, the cell line for NDD assays, and cd3, the model organism. Each one of these assays included one out of n(cd0) = 46 possible biological activity parameters (e.g., EC50 or Ki (nM)). They also involved some of the n(cd1) = 21 target