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2 article(s) from García-López, Víctor

Effect of a photoswitchable rotaxane on membrane permeabilization across lipid compositions

Udyogi N. K. Conthagamage,
Lilia Lopez,
Zuliah A. Abdulsalam and
Víctor García-López

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2498–2512, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.192

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Graphical Abstract

Figure 1: a) Structural components of the rotaxanes (PEG, polyethylene glycol chain; BAA (benzylalkylammonium...

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Figure 2: Photoisomerization of rotaxane 1.

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Figure 3: Reversible photoswitching of rotaxane 1 in LUVs with varying lipid compositions. Left column: UV–vi...

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Figure 4: Summary of sulforhodamine B release from LUVs of varying lipid compositions. a) Dye release after 7...

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Figure 5: Percentage of sulforhodamine B released from EYPC/Chol 8:2 LUVs upon five irradiation cycles after ...

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Figure 6: Percentage of sulforhodamine B released from LUVs containing rotaxane 1 upon five alternating light...

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Figure 7: Evaluation of effect of axle 3 upon light exposure. a) Percentage of sulforhodamine B released from...

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Figure 8: a) Illustration of rotaxane 4 in its preferred orientation within a lipid bilayer; percentage of su...

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Full Research Paper

Published 11 Nov 2025

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Rotaxanes with integrated photoswitches: design principles, functional behavior, and emerging applications

Jullyane Emi Matsushima,
Khushbu,
Zuliah Abdulsalam,
Udyogi Navodya Kulathilaka Conthagamage and
Víctor García-López

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2345–2366, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.179

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Figure 1: Schematic of common rotaxanes (left) and depiction of the macrocycle shuttling (right).

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Figure 2: Structure of some common photoswitches integrated into rotaxanes.

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Figure 3: Rotaxane with an acridane photoswitch on the axle modulates the translation of a CBQT4⁺ macrocycle ...

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Figure 4: Hydrogel composed of [2]rotaxanes featuring a central azobenzene in the axle and a cyclodextrin mac...

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Figure 5: Dendrimer composed of [2]rotaxane with an azobenzene photoswitch functioning as a macroscopic actua...

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Figure 6: (a) Structure of the [2]rotaxane and (b) mechanism for K⁺ cations transport across lipid bilayers. Figure 6...

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Figure 7: Dithienylethene-based [2]rotaxane used in writing patterning applications: (a) rotaxane with open d...

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Figure 8: Dithienylethene-based [1]rotaxane shuttling motion triggered by pH changes (top). Dithienylethene p...

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Figure 9: Depiction of a fumaramide-based [2]rotaxane photoswitching cycle and deposition on glass and mica s...

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Figure 11: (a) Light- and pH-responsive Förster resonance energy transfer observed on a spiropyran-based [2]ro...

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Figure 12: Photoresponsive bending of artificial muscle with [c2]daisy chain reported by Harada and collaborat...

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Figure 13: Light-responsive shuttling motion of [2]rotaxane based on a stiff-stilbene photoswitch. Figure 13 was reprod...

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Figure 14: Azobenzene-based rotaxane modulating lipid bilayers upon photoisomerization. Figure 14 was adapted from [23] (© ...

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Figure 15: Depiction of fluorescence quenching processes upon external stimuli of a dithienylethene-based [2]r...

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Figure 16: Diagrammatic illustration of rotaxane 1-H-SP depicting interconversions between the four isomeric s...

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Figure 17: Representation of [2]rotaxane chloride binding modulated by photoisomerization of a stiff-stilbene. ...

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Review

Published 31 Oct 2025

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