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1 article(s) from Melder, Julian J

Arene activation via π-bond localization: concepts and opportunities

Paul Meiners,
Julian J. Melder and
Tobias Morack

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 257–273, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.19

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Graphical Abstract

Figure 1: Aromatic molecules as the foundation of modern molecular chemistry.

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Figure 2: Arenes as springboards to three-dimensional chemical space and strategies toward arene activation v...

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Figure 3: Structure and synthetic utilization of strained arenes; NICS: nucleus independent chemical shifts [26-28].

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Figure 4: Bonding and reactivity of η²-coordinated aromatic systems [44,46].

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Figure 5: Illustrative selection of η²-coordinating dearomatization agents; MeIm: N-methylimidazole, NHE: nor...

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Figure 6: Preparation, lability and most stable linkage isomers of pentaammineosmium(II) complexes.

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Scheme 1: Heteroatom-directed reactions of η²-arene complexes [45,50].

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Figure 7: Latent functionality through transient metal binding.

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Figure 8: Selective hydrogenation of η²-coordinated benzene to cyclohexene under ambient conditions [53,54].

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Scheme 2: Synthesis and utilization of enantioenrichted Mo(η²-arene) complexes in enantioselective synthesis [55]....

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Scheme 3: Synthesis of trisubstituted cyclohexenes from phenyl sulfones enabled by tungsten-mediated dearomat...

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Scheme 4: Diels–Alder reactions of η²-arene complexes with alkenes and alkynes; NMM: N-methylmaleimide [64,65].

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Scheme 5: Binding characteristics and pioneering examples of isolable η³-benzyl complexes.

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Figure 9: Divergent functionalization of benzyl electrophiles leveraging η³-benzyl complexes toward benzylic ...

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Scheme 6: p-Selective allylation of benzyl chlorides with allylstannanes and subsequent synthetic expansion o...

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Figure 10: Strategies for para- and ortho-selective arene functionalization/dearomatization via η³-benzyl comp...

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Scheme 7: Substrate-dependent ortho- and para-selective dearomatization of naphthyl chlorides and leveraging ...

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Figure 11: η⁴-Arene coordination as an underexplored but promising pathway for arene activation [96,98-100].

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Review

Published 09 Feb 2026

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