Heterogeneous Pd catalysts as emulsifiers in Pickering emulsions for integrated multistep synthesis in flow chemistry

Katharina Hiebler,
Georg J. Lichtenegger,
Manuel C. Maier,
Eun Sung Park,
Renie Gonzales-Groom,
Bernard P. Binks and
Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler

Full Research Paper
Published 19 Mar 2018

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1. Graphical Abstract
2. Figure 1: Targeted integrated multistep synthesis of valsartan (1) and sacubitril (2).
  
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3. Scheme 1: Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of phenylboronic acid 3 with various bromoarenes 4a–e (a: R¹ = H, R² = CH_3;...
  
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4. Figure 2: Particle size distribution of Ce_0.495Sn_0.495Pd_0.01O_2–δ after size reduction via milling and separat...
  
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5. Figure 3: Optical microscope images of fresh aqueous dispersions, 0.05 wt %, of (a) Ce_0.495Sn_0.495Pd_0.01O_2–δ ...
  
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6. Figure 4: Photos of vessels containing cyclohexane-in-water emulsions stabilised by particles of Ce_0.495Sn_0.4...
  
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7. Figure 5: Optical microscopy images of cyclohexane-in-water emulsions of Figure 4 after one month for particle concen...
  
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8. Figure 6: (top) Mean emulsion droplet diameter after 30 min as a function of particle concentration for syste...
  
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9. Figure 7: Mean particle diameter in aqueous dispersions as a function of Ce_0.495Sn_0.495Pd_0.01O_2–δ concentrati...
  
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10. Figure 8: Variation of the zeta potential and pH value of aqueous dispersions of Ce_0.495Sn_0.495Pd_0.01O_2–δ par...
  
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11. Figure 9: (a) Appearance of octane-in-water emulsions with time at 0.05 wt % of Ce_0.495Sn_0.495Pd_0.01O_2–δ (lef...
  
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12. Figure 10: (a) Variation of droplet diameter with particle concentration for octane-in-water emulsions stabili...
  
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13. Figure 11: (a) Variation of droplet diameter with particle concentration for toluene-in-water emulsions stabil...
  
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