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4 article(s) from Protti, Stefano

Biobased carbon dots as photoreductants – an investigation by using triarylsulfonium salts

Valentina Benazzi,
Arianna Bini,
Ilaria Bertuol,
Mariangela Novello,
Federica Baldi,
Matteo Hoch,
Alvise Perosa and
Stefano Protti

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1024–1030, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.84

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Scheme 1: a) CDs-mediated 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes by alkyl halides R–Y and b) light-driven reducti...

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Figure 1: UV–vis spectra of the CDs. All the measurements have been performed in water, except for CD-a-GLU, ...

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Full Research Paper

Published 26 May 2025

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Metal-free synthesis of biarenes via photoextrusion in di(tri)aryl phosphates

Hisham Qrareya,
Lorenzo Meazza,
Stefano Protti and
Maurizio Fagnoni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 3008–3014, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.250

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Scheme 1: Synthesis of biarenes via a) photogenerated triplet aryl cations and aryl radicals (PC = photocatal...

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Scheme 2: Metal-free photochemical synthesis of biaryls 2 and 4.

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Figure 1: Emission spectrum of compound 1e (red) and of diethyl p-tert-butylphenyl phosphate (black) in metha...

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Figure 2: Emission spectrum of compound 1h (red) and of diethyl p-cyanophenyl phosphate (black) in methanol.

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Figure 3: Emission spectrum of compound 3a in methanol (black) and in a methanol/TFE 4:1 mixture (red).

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Figure 4: Emission spectrum of 3c in MeOH (dotted line) and in the presence of increasing amounts of TFE (up ...

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Scheme 3: Photoreactivity of aryl phosphates 1 and 3 in protic media.

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Published 08 Dec 2020

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Photocatalyzed syntheses of phenanthrenes and their aza-analogues. A review

Alessandra Del Tito,
Havall Othman Abdulla,
Davide Ravelli,
Stefano Protti and
Maurizio Fagnoni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1476–1488, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.123

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Figure 1: Bioactive phenanthridine and phenanthridinium derivatives.

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Scheme 1: Synthesis of phenanthrenes by a photo-Pschorr reaction.

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Scheme 2: Synthesis of phenanthrenes by a benzannulation reaction.

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Scheme 3: Photocatalytic cyclization of α-bromochalcones for the synthesis of phenanthrenes.

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Figure 2: Carbon-centered and nitrogen-centered radicals used for the synthesis of phenanthridines.

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Scheme 4: General scheme describing the synthesis of phenanthridines from isocyanides via imidoyl radicals.

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Scheme 5: Synthesis of substituted phenanthridines involving the intermediacy of electrophilic radicals.

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Scheme 6: Photocatalyzed synthesis of 6-β-ketoalkyl phenanthridines.

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Scheme 7: Synthesis of 6-substituted phenanthridines through the addition of trifluoromethyl (path a), phenyl...

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Scheme 8: Synthesis of 6-(trifluoromethyl)-7,8-dihydrobenzo[k]phenanthridine.

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Scheme 9: Phenanthridine syntheses by using photogenerated radicals formed through a C–H bond homolytic cleav...

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Scheme 10: Trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides as starting substrates for the synthesis of 6-(trifluoromethyl)phena...

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Scheme 11: Synthesis of phenanthridines via aryl–aryl-bond formation.

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Scheme 12: Oxidative conversion of N-biarylglycine esters to phenanthridine-6-carboxylates.

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Scheme 13: Photocatalytic synthesis of benzo[f]quinolines from 2-heteroaryl-substituted anilines and heteroary...

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Scheme 14: Synthesis of noravicine (14.2a) and nornitidine (14.2b) alkaloids.

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Scheme 15: Gram-scale synthesis of the alkaloid trisphaeridine (15.3).

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Scheme 16: Synthesis of phenanthridines starting from vinyl azides.

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Scheme 17: Synthesis of pyrido[4,3,2-gh]phenanthridines 17.5a–d through the radical trifluoromethylthiolation ...

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Scheme 18: The direct oxidative C–H amidation involving amidyl radicals for the synthesis of phenanthridones.

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Review

Published 25 Jun 2020

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Spectroscopic characterization of photoaccumulated radical anions: a litmus test to evaluate the efficiency of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) processes

Maurizio Fagnoni,
Stefano Protti,
Davide Ravelli and
Angelo Albini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 800–808, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.91

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Scheme 1: Photoinduced electron transfer as an access to radical chemistry.

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Figure 1: Reduction potential (versus SCE) of the ground and excited state of acceptors and oxidation potenti...

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Figure 2: UV-monitoring of: (a) a 2 × 10⁻⁴ M solution of TCB in the presence of Bu₄Sn (10⁻² M) and (b) a 1.5 ...

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Figure 3: Absorption spectra of a freeze–pump–thaw deoxygenated MeCN solution irradiated at 313 nm of (a) 1,2...

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Scheme 2: Mechanistic scheme.

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Figure 4: Thermodynamics of the redox processes discussed (solid arrows represent exergonic electron donation...

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Full Research Paper

Published 24 Apr 2013

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