Volatiles from three genome sequenced fungi from the genus Aspergillus

• Jeroen S. Dickschat,
• Ersin Celik and
• Nelson L. Brock

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 900–910, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.77

• aflatoxin from Aspergillus flavus [3] or the amatoxins from the death cap (Amanita phalloides) [4] are extremely toxic for humans. Recently, also volatile secondary metabolites from fungi attracted considerable interest [5][6]. Volatiles not only contribute to the pleasant aroma of edible mushrooms such as

Synthesis and biological evaluation of RGD and isoDGR peptidomimetic-α-amanitin conjugates for tumor-targeting

• Lizeth Bodero,
• Paula López Rivas,
• Barbara Korsak,
• Torsten Hechler,
• Andreas Pahl,
• Christoph Müller,
• Daniela Arosio,
• Luca Pignataro,
• Cesare Gennari and
• Umberto Piarulli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 407–415, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.29

• hepatocytes, where the transporting protein OATP1B3 internalizes amatoxins resulting in high liver toxicity [2][3]. This strong toxicity in the presence of endocytosis mediators allowing cell permeation, aroused interest towards the use of α-amanitin as a payload for targeted cancer therapy. In 1981, Davis

Cyclisation mechanisms in the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides

• Andrew W. Truman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1250–1268, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.120

• PatG belongs to the S8 family. Another S9a family serine protease-like cyclase features in the biosynthesis of α-amanitin (Figure 8B), an amatoxin produced by the fungus Amanita phalloides and related fungi [110]. Amatoxins are responsible for many of the fatalities caused by mushroom poisoning of

Chemical modification allows phallotoxins and amatoxins to be used as tools in cell biology

• Jan Anderl,
• Hartmut Echner and
• Heinz Faulstich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2072–2084, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.233

• also to the family of amatoxins, where α-amanitin, for example, when conjugated to oleic acid was more than 100-fold more toxic for cells than the native toxin. This suggests the possibility of a more general use of the moieties examined here to enhance the uptake of hydrophilic peptides, or drugs

• , into live cells. Keywords: amatoxins; cellular uptake; endocytosis; peptides; phalloidin; phallotoxins; Introduction Phallotoxins and amatoxins, the two families of toxic cyclopeptides produced by the green death cap Amanita phalloides, have been the subject of intense biochemical research for

• filaments. This interaction is in the nanomolar range and highly specific: no other targets for phalloidin in the cell are known. Amatoxins, such as the main toxin α-amanitin, bind to RNA-polymerases II of eukaryotic cells, thus inhibiting the transcription process at nanomolar concentrations. Also this