Inductive heating and flow chemistry – a perfect synergy of emerging enabling technologies

• Conrad Kuhwald,
• Sibel Türkhan and
• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 688–706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.70

• antidepressant hydrochloride of amitriptyline (84) was the target of a multistep continuous flow protocol in which, for one reaction step, inductive heating was used to achieve water elimination triggered exclusively under thermal conditions [54]. The flow process started with a multilithiation sequence which

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

• Guido Gambacorta,
• James S. Sharley and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1181–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.90

Automating multistep flow synthesis: approach and challenges in integrating chemistry, machines and logic

• Chinmay A. Shukla and
• Amol A. Kulkarni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 960–987, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.97

• . gas–liquid reaction (viz. amitriptyline synthesis [7]), gas–liquid–solid reactions ((±)-oxomaritidine synthesis [9]) and liquid–solid reactions (viz. (S)-rolipram synthesis [4]). The process was also selected on the basis of the heating technique used, viz induction heating (olanzapine synthesis [10

Inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin with tricyclic drugs: an X-ray diffraction, NMR and molecular dynamics study

• Franca Castiglione,
• Fabio Ganazzoli,
• Luciana Malpezzi,
• Andrea Mele,
• Walter Panzeri and
• Giuseppina Raffaini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 714–719, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.70

• 7, 20131 Milano, Italy 10.3762/bjoc.13.70 Abstract Tricyclic fused-ring cyclobenzaprine (1) and amitriptyline (2) form 1:1 inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in the solid state and in water solution. Rotating frame NOE experiments (ROESY) showed the same geometry of inclusion for both 1

• . Keywords: amitriptyline; β-cyclodextrin; crystal structure; cyclobenzaprine; molecular dynamics simulations; NOE; Introduction The present paper reports on a multidisciplinary approach [1][2] based on single crystal X-ray diffraction, solution NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with

• explicit water to study the inclusion complexes of two tricyclic aromatic molecules – cyclobenzaprine (1) and amitriptyline (2, Figure 1) – with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Previous work already considered certain aspects of the interaction of 2 with β-CD [3][4][5][6][7][8], but no full characterization of the

The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry

• Marcus Baumann and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1194–1219, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.134

• important pharmaceutical. The Kirschning group (2013) also demonstrated a multi-step flow synthesis of the antidepressant amitriptyline (127) [105]. They developed a sequence harnessing reactions at several different temperature regimes allowing processing of low temperature lithiation and carboxylation

• under the acidic conditions promotes dehydration. The product is isolated as the in situ formed hydrochloride salt of amitriptyline (127). Solution delivery As the previous examples have demonstrated, the development of an efficient flow process is often the result of designing and implementing a new