Calixazulenes: azulene-based calixarene analogues – an overview and recent supramolecular complexation studies

• Paris E. Georghiou,
• Shofiur Rahman,
• Abdullah Alodhayb,
• Hidetaka Nishimura,
• Jaehyun Lee,
• Atsushi Wakamiya and
• Lawrence T. Scott

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2488–2494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.225

• “OPC4A”, with several electron-deficient tetraalkyammonium salts. As a result of more recent methods developed by us and others employing Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions to produce additional functionalized azulenes, the promise of further greater functionalized calixazulenes lies in store to be

• investigated. Keywords: azulene; calixarenes; calixazulenes; supramolecular chemistry; tetraalkylammonium salts; Introduction Among the great variety of synthetic macrocyclic molecular receptors which have been reported, those that are referred to by their generic name “calixarene” loom large [1][2][3]. The

• , using a DFT analysis [17]. We previously used a similar solid-state NMR approach to study the solid-state supramolecular properties of tetra-6-tert-butylcalix[4]azulene (4) [19]. Unlike these two studies, however, in our first study on calixazulenes which we reported in 2015, we were able to demonstrate